Adjectives: Word order

UNIT 91 Adjectives: Word order (''a nice new house'') After verbs (''Do you feel tired?'')

A.   Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together:

• Tom lives in a nice new house

• In the kitchen there was a beautiful large round wooden table.

Adjectives like new/large/round/wooden are fact adjectives. They give us objective information about something (age, size, color, etc.). Adjectives like nice/beautiful are opinion adjectives. They tell us what someone thinks of something.

B.   Sometimes there are two or more fact adjectives. Very often (but not always) we put fact adjectives in this order:
     1                        2                            3                          4                                    5
how big?-----how old?-----what color?----where from? ---- what is it made of?------NOUN

a tall young man (1-2)

a large wooden table (1- 5)

big blue eyes (1 3)

an old Russian song (2 4)

a small black plastic bag (1- 3 5)

an old white cotton shirt (2-3-5)

Adjectives of size and length (big/small/tall/short/long, etc.) usually go before adjectives of shape and width (round/fat/thin/slim/wide, etc.):

• a large round table

• a tall thin woman 

• a long narrow street

C.   We also use adjectives after some verbs, especially be/get/become:

• Are you tired?

• Be careful!

• I'm getting hungry.

We also use adjectives after: feel   smell    taste    sound    seem    look:

• Do you feel tired?

• Dinner smells good.

• This coffee tastes strong.

• Tom sounded angry when I spoke to him on the phone.

• Your friend seems very nice.

But after other verbs you must use an adverb

• Drive carefully! (not drive careful)

• Susan plays the piano very well. (not plays very good)

• Tom shouted at me angrily. (not shouted angry)

Look  We use an adjective after look when it means seem:

• Tom looked sad when I saw him

But after look at we use an adverb:

• Tom looked at me sadly. (not looked at me sad)

Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed Exercises

UNIT 90 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored) Exercises

90.1   Complete two sentences for each situation. Use an adjective ending in -ing or -ed to complete each sentence.

Example: The movie wasn't as good as we had expected. (disappoint-)
a) The movie was disappointing
b) We were disappainted with the movie.

1.   It's been raining all day. I hate this weather (depress-)
a) This weather is_________________________ b) This weather makes me_______________________________

2.   Astronomy is one of Tom's main interests. (interest-)
a) Tom is in astronomy___________________________ b) He finds astronomy very______________________________

3.   I turned off the television in the middle of the program. (bor-)
a) The program was ________________________________ b) I was____________________________

4.   Ann is going to Indonesia next month. She has never been there before (excit-)
a) She is really_____________________about going. b) It will be an_______________________experience for her

5.   Diana teaches young children. It's a hard job. (exhaust-)
a) She often finds her job________________________
b) At the end of the day's work she is often_______________________________
                       
90.2   Choose the right adjective

Example: I was disappointing/disappointed with the movie. I had expected it to be better.

1.   We were all horrifying/horrified when we heard about the disaster.

2.   It's sometimes embarrassing/embarrassed when you have to ask people for money

3.   Are you interesting/interested in soccer?

4.   I enjoyed the soccer game. It was very exciting/excited

5.   It was a really terrifying/terrified experience. Afterward everybody was very shocking/shocked.

6.   I had never expected to be offered the job. I was really amazing/amazed when I got it.

7.   The kitchen hadn't been cleaned for ages. It was really disgusting/disgusted.
8.   Do you get embarrassing/embarrassed easily?

90.3   Complete these sentences with an adjective ending in-ing or -ed. The first letter(s) of the adjective are given each time.

Example: Jane finds her job boring She wants to do something different.

1.   I seldom visit art galleries. I'm not very in _________________ in art.

2.   We went for a very long walk. It was very ti______________________________.

3.   Why do you always look so b_________________? Is your life really so b_____________________________?

4.   He's one of the most b ___________________ people I've ever met. He never stops talking and never says anything in__________________________________.

5.   I was as_____________when I heard they were getting divorced. They had always seemed so happy together.

6.   I'm starting a new job next week. I'm really ex ____________________about it.

Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed

UNIT 90  Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored, etc.)

A.  There are many pairs of adjectives ending in -ing and -ed. For example: boring and bored. Study this example situation:

Jane has been doing the same job for a very long time. Every day she does exactly the same thing over and over. She doesn't enjoy it any more and would like to do something different.

Jane's job is boring.

Jane is bored (with her job)

Someone is -ed if something (or someone) is -ing. Or, if something is ing, it makes you -ed. So:

• Jane is bored because her job is boring.

• Jane's job is boring, so Jane is bored. (not Jane is boring)

Now study these examples:                       

Someone is interested because something (or someone) is interesting:

• Tom is interested in politics. (not interesting in politics)

• Tom finds politics interesting.

• Are you interested in buying a car.

• Did you meet anyone interesting at the party?

Someone is surprised because something is surprising.

• Everyone was surprised that she passed the exam.

• It was surprising that she passed the exam.

Someone is disappointed because something is disappointing:

• I was disappointed with the movie. I expected it to be much better.

• The movie was disappointing I expected it to be much better.

Someone is tired because something is tiring

• He is always very tired when he gets home from work

• He has a very tiring job

B.   Other pairs of adjectives ending in -ing and -ed are:

fascinating   fascinated

horrifying   horrified

terrifying   terrified

excited   exciting

frightening   frightened

amused   amusing

amazed   amazing

depressing   depressed

astonished   astonishing

worried   worrying

shocked   shocking

annoyed   annoying

disgusted   disgusting

exhausting   exhausted

embarrassed   embarrassing

satisfying   satisfied 

confusing   confused

-ing and -ed clauses Exercises

UNIT 89 -ing and -ed clauses Exercises

89.1   Rewrite the sentences. Each time use the information in parentheses to make an -ing clause.

Example: That woman is Australian (she is talking to Tom)
That Woman, talking to Tom is Australian.

1.   A plane crashed into the ocean yesterday. (it was carrying 28 passengers)
A plane________________________________________________________yesterday

2.   When I was walking home, there was a man. (he was following me)
When______________________________________________________________________

3.   I was awakened by the baby. (she was crying)
I____________________________________________________________________________

4.   At the end of the street there is a path. (the path leads to the river)
At___________________________________________________________________________

5.   Some paintings were stolen from the gallery. (they belong to the artist)
Some________________________________________________________________________
                      
89.2   This time make an -ed clause.
Example: The man was taken to the hospital. (he was injured in the accident)
The man injured in the accident hospital was taken to the hospital.

1.   The window has now been repaired (it was broken in last night's storm)
The window____________________________________________________________repaired

2.   Most of the suggestions were not very practical. (they were made at the meeting)
_____________________________________________________________________________________

3.   The paintings haven't been found yet. (they were stolen from the museum)
______________________________________________________________________________________

4.   Did you hear about the boy? (he was knocked down on his way to school this morning)
Did__________________________________________________________________________________

89.3   Complete these sentences with the following verbs, Put the verb in the correct form:
blow   call     live    invite    offer     invite      mail     read    ring    sit        study      wait      work

1.   I was awakened by a bell ringing

2.   None of the people invited to the party can come.

3.   Tom has a brother_________________________in a bank in New York and a sister________________________ economics at a university in California.

4.   Somebody_____________________________Jack phoned while you were out.

5.   All letters______________________________today should arrive tomorrow.

6.   When I entered the waiting room there was nobody______________________except for a young man_________________________ by the window _______________________________a magazine.

7.   A few days after the interview, I received a letter_______________________________me the job.

8.   There was a tree__________________________down in the storm last night.

9.   Sometimes life must be very unpleasant for people__________________________near airports.

-ing and -ed clauses

UNIT 89  -ing and -ed clauses ("the woman talking to Tom,'' "the man injured in the accident")

A.   A clause is a part of a sentence. Some clauses begin with -ing or -ed:

• Do you know the woman talking to Tom (-ing clause)

• The man injured in the accident was taken to the hospital. (-ed clause)

B.   We use -ing clauses to say what someone (or something) is doing or was doing at a particular time:

• Do you know the woman talking to Tom? (the woman is talking to Tom)

• The police officers investigating the robbery are looking for three men. (the police officers are investigating the robbery)

• I was awakened by a bell ringing. (the bell was ringing)

• Who was that man standing outside? (the man was standing outside)

• Can you hear someone singing? (someone is singing)

When you are talking about things (and sometimes people), you can use an -ing clause for permanent characteristics (what something does all the time, not just at a particular

• The road joining the two villages is very narrow. (the road joins the two villages)

• I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden. (the room overlooks the garden)

C.   -ed clauses have a passive meaning:

• The man injured in the accident was taken to the hospital. (the man was injured in the accident)

• None of the people invited to the party can come. (the people have been invited to the party)

Injured and invited are past participles. Many verbs have irregular past participles that do not end in -ed. For example: stolen/made/bought/written,etc. :

• The money stolen in the robbery was never found. (the money was stolen in the robbery)

• Most of the goods made in this factory are exported. (the goods are made in this factor)

D.   We often use -ing and -ed clauses after there is/there was, etc.:

• Is there anybody waiting to see me?

• There were some children swimming in the river.

• When I arrived, there was a big red car parked outside the house.

Relative clauses (5) - clasuses (2) Exercises

UNIT 88 Relative clauses (5)- '' extra information'' clasuses (2) Exercises

88.1   Write these sentences again, giving extra information in a relative clause. Use the sentences in parentheses ( . . . ) to make your relative clauses.

Example: Mr. Carter is interested in our plan. (I spoke to him on the phone last night,) 
Mr. Carter, who I spoke to on the phone last night, is interested in our plan.
or: Mc Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night,is Interested in our plan.

1.   This is a photograph of our friends. (We went on vacation with them.)
This is_______________________________________________________________________________

2.   The wedding took place last Friday. (Only members of the family were invited to it.)
The__________________________________________________________________________________

3.   I've just bought some books about astronomy. ('m very interested in astronomy.)

88.2   Make sentences with all of most of, etc. + whom/which,

Example: Jack has three brothers. All of them are married.
Jack has three brothers, all of whom are married.

1.   They gave us a lot of information. Most of it was useless.
They gave___________________________________________________________

2.   There were a lot of people at the party. I had met only a few of them before.
________________________________________________________________________

3.   I have sent him two letters. Neither of them has arrived.
________________________________________________________________________

4.   Norman won $50,000, He gave half of it to his parents.
_________________________________________________________________________

5.   Ten people applied for the job. None of them were qualified
__________________________________________________________________________

6.   Tom made a number of suggestions. Most of them were very helpful.
__________________________________________________________________________
                      
88.3   Complete these sentences, giving extra information in a relative clause. Use the sentences in the box to make your relative clauses.

this was very nice of him.
this means I can't leave the country.
this makes it difficult to contact her.
this was perfectly true.
this makes it difficult to sleep.
this was a shame.
I thought this was very rude of them.

1.   She couldn't come to the party, which was a shame

2.   Jill doesn't have a phone,_____________________________________

3.   They said they didn't have any money,________________________________________

4.   I haven't got a passport,________________________________________________

5.   He offered to let me stay in his house,________________________________________________

6.   They didn't thank us for the meal before they left,_____________________________________________

7.   The part of town where I live is very noisy at night,___________________________________________________

Relative clauses (5) - clauses (2)

UNIT 88  Relative clauses (5) ''extra information" clauses (2)

A.   Prepositions + whom/which
In ''extra information'' clauses you can use a preposition before whom (for people) and which (for things). So you can say "to whom/with whom/about which/for which," etc.:

• Mr. Carter, to whom I spoke last night, is very interested in our plan.

• Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have gotten lost.

But in spoken English we often keep the preposition after the verb in the relative clause. When we do this, we normally use who (not whom):

• This is Mr. Carter, who I was telling you about.

• Yesterday we visited the National Museum, which I'd never been to before.

B.   All of/most of, etc. + whom/which            Study these examples

Jack has three brothers. All of them are married. (2 sentences)
Jack has three brothers, all of whom are married. (1 sentence)

Ann has a lot of books. She hasn't read most of them. (2 sentences)
Ann has a lot of books, most of which she hasn't read. (1 sentence)                       

You can also say:

none of/many of/much of/(a) few of/some of } + whom (people)
any of/half of/each of/both of/neither of          }
either of/one of/two of, etc.                                     } + which (things)

• He tried on three jackets, none of which fit him.

• They've got three cars, two of which they never use.

• Sue has a lot of friends, many of whom she went to school with.

• Two men, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my office.

C.   Which (not what)

Study this example:

Jim passed his driving test This surprised everybody. (2 sentences)
Jim passed his driving test which surprised everybody, (1 sentence)

In this example which = the fact that he passed his driving test. You cannot use what instead of which in sentences like this:

• she couldn't come to the party, which was a pity. (not . . . what was a pity)

• The weather was very good, which we hadn't expected. (not . . . what we hadn't expected

Relative clauses (4) - clauses (1) Exercises

UNIT 87 Relative clauses (4) ''extra informartion'' clauses (1) Exercises

87.1   Write these sentences again, giving extra information in a relative clause. Sometimes the relative clause is in the middle of the sentence, sometimes at the end. Use the sentence in parentheses ( . . . ) to make your relative clauses.

Examples: Tom's father goes swimming every day. (Tom's father is 78.)
Tom's father, who is 78, goes swimming every day.
She told me her address. (I wrote her address down on a piece of paper.)
She told me her adaress, which I wrote her address down on a piece of paper.
1.   She showed me a photograph of her son. (Her son is a police officer.)
She showed me a photograph of her son,___________________________________________

2.   We decided not to swim in the ocean. (The ocean looked rather dirty.)
We_______________________________________________________________________________________

3.   The new stadium will be opened next month. (The stadium holds 90,000 people.)
The______________________________________________________________________________________

4.   Joan is one of my closest friends. (I have known Joan for eight years.)
___________________________________________________________________________________________

5.   That man over there is an artist. (I don't remember his name.) (use whose)
___________________________________________________________________________________________

6.   Opposite our house there is a nice park. (There are some beautiful trees in this park) (use where)___________________________________________________________________________________

7.   The storm caused a lot of damage. (Nobody had been expecting the storm.)
____________________________________________________________________________________________

8.   The mail carrier was late this morning. (The mail carrier is nearly always on time)
____________________________________________________________________________________________

9.   We often go to visit our friends in Baltimore. (Baltimore is only 30 miles away.)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
                      
10.   Mr. Edwards has gone into the hospital for some tests. (His health hasn't been good recently). (use whose)_____________________________________________________________________________

11.   Jack looks much nicer without his beard. (His beard made him look much older.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

12.   I went to see the doctor. (The doctor told me to rest for a few days.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

13.   Thank you for your letter. (I was very happy to get your letter.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

14.   A friend of mine helped me to get a job. (His mother is the manager of a company.) (use whose)_____________________________________________________________________________________

15.   Next weekend I'm going to Montreal. (My sister lives in Montreal.) (use where)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

16.   The population of London is now falling. (London was once the largest city in the world.)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

17.   I looked up at the moon. (The moon was very bright that evening)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

18.   We spent a pleasant day by the lake. (We had a picnic by the lake.) (use where)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Relative clauses (4) extra information" clauses (1)

UNIT 87 Relative clauses (4) extra information" clauses (1)

A.   Look again at these examples from Units 84 and 85:

• The man who lives next door is very friendly.

• Jerry works for a company that makes typewriters.

• Have you found the keys (that) you lost?

In these examples, the relative clauses tell us which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means:

• "The man who lives next door" tells us which man.

• "a company that makes typewriters" tells us what kind of company.

• "the keys (that) you lost" tells us which keys.

But not all relative clauses are like this. For example:

• Tom's father, who is 78, goes swimming every day.

• The house at the end of the street, which has been empty for two years, has just been sold.

In these examples the relative clauses (who is 78 and which has been empty for two years) do
not us which person or thing the speaker means. We already know which person or thing is meant: "Tom's father" and "the house at the end of the street." The relative clauses in these sentences give us extra information about the person or thing. 
                      

B.   In these "extra information'' relative clauses you have to use who for people and which for things. You cannot use that, and you cannot leave out who or which.

When you write clauses like this, you have to put commas ( , ) at the beginning and at the end of the clause. Study these examples:

• Mr. Yates, who has worked for the same company all his life, is retiring next month.

• The strike at the car factory, which lasted ten days, is now over.

When the clause comes at the end of the sentence, you have to put a comma before the clause:

• Yesterday I met John, who told me he was getting married.

• She told me her address, which I wrote down on a piece of paper.

Remember that we use who/which instead of he/she/it/they:

• Last night we went to Ann's party, which we enjoyed very much. (not which we enjoyed it very much)

C.   You can also use whose, whom, and where in relative clauses with "extra information":

• Martin, whose mother is Spanish, speaks both Spanish and English fluently.

• Mr. Hill is going to Canada, where his son has been living for five years.

• My sister, whom (or who) you once met, is visiting us next week.

Relative clauses (3) Exercises

UNIT 86 Relative clauses (3) Exercises

86.1   You were on vacation with a friend of yours. You met some people who had so bad experiences during their vacation. You met:

1.   some people/their car broke down.

2.   a man/his wife got sick and was taken to the hospital.

3.   a woman/her husband was arrested by the police.

4.   a girl/her passport was stolen.

5.   a couple/their luggage disappeared

You can't recall the names of these people. Ask your friend, making sentences with whose.

1.   What was the name of the people whose car broke down?
2.   What was the name of the man____________________________________________?

3.   What__________________________________________________________________________?

4.  _________________________________________________________________________________?


5. __________________________________________________________________________________?
 
86.2   The sentences in this exercise are not complete. Complete them with where . . . .Use the sentences in the box to make your relative clauses

• I can buy postcards there.

• I was born there.

• she had bought it there.

• we spent our vacation there.

• we can have a really good meal there.

• people are buried there.

1.   I recently went back to the town. Where I was born.

2.   The dress didn't fit her, so she took it back to the store_______________________________

3.   Do you know a restaurant_______________________________________________________________?

4.   Is there a store near here________________________________________________________________?

5.   The place was really beautiful___________________________________________________________?

6.   A cemetery is a place_____________________________________________________________________?
                     
86.3   Complete the sentences with a relative clause. Use the sentences in the box to make your relative clauses.

• (her) dog bit me

• they don't have a car (for this reason)

• John is staying (there)

• I didn't write to you (for this reason)

• We first met (on that day )

• World War II ended (in that year)

• (his/her) parents are dead 

• you called (that evening)

1.   Do you remember the day (that) we first met?

2.   An orphan is a child________________________________________________________________________

3.   The reason________________________________________was that I didn't know your address.

4.   Unfortunately I wasn't home the evening________________________________________________

5.   I protested to the woman__________________________________________________________________
 
6.   The reason__________________________________________________is that they can't afford one.

7.   Do you know the name of the hotel______________________________________________________?

8.   Nineteen forty-five was the year_________________________________________________________?

Relative clauses (3)

UNIT 86 Relative clauses (3) whose, Relative whom and where

A.   Whose
We use whose in relative clauses instead of  his/her/their:
                               
we saw some people  their car had broken down
                                          ||
We saw some people whose car had broken down.

We use whose mostly for people:

• A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. (her husband is dead)

• What's the name of the girl whose car you borrowed? (you borrowed her car)

• The other day Imet someone whose brother I went to school with. (I went to school with his brother)

B.   Whom is possible instead of who (or people) when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause:

• The man whom I wanted to see was away on vacation. (I wanted to see him)

You can also use whom with a preposition (to/from/with whom, etc.)

• The woman with whom he fell in love left him after a few weeks. (he fell in love with her)

But we do not often use Whom. In spoken English we normally prefer who or that.

• The man (who/that) I wanted to see . . .

• The woman (who/that) he fell in love with . . .                       

C.   Where
You can use where in a relative clause to talk about places:

the hotel - we stayed there - wasn't very clean
                                         ||
The hotel                  (where) we stayed wasn't very clean.

• I recently went back to the town where I was born. (or the town (that) I was born in)

• I would like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine.

D.   We use that (or we leave it out) when we say the day/the year/the time, (etc.) that something happened:

• Do you still remember the day (that) we first met?

• The last time (that) Isaw her, she looked very well.

• I haven't seen them since the year (that) they got married.

E.   You can say the reason why something happens or the reason that something happens. You can also leave out why and that:

• The reason (why/that) I'm calling you is to invite you to a party.

Relative Clauses (2) Exercises

UNIT 85 Relative Clauses (2) Exercises

85.1   The sentences in this exercise are not complete. Complete each one with relative clause.
Use the sentences in the box to a make your relative clauses.

• We met her yesterday.
• We wanted to visit it.
• Tom tells them.
• Tom recommended it.
• We had it for dinner.
• You lost them.
• Ann is wearing it.
• The police arrested him.
• I invited them to the party.

1.   Have you found the keys you lost?

2.   I like the dress____________________________.

3.   The museum _______________________________closed when we got there.

4.   Most of the people ___________________________ couldn't come.

5.   I didn't like that woman__________________________________.

6.   The fish_________________________________was really delicious.

7.   We stayed at a hotel _______________________________________.

8.   The stories______________________________________________are usually very funny.

9.   The man_________________________________  has now been released.                    


85.2   Make a relative clause with a preposition.

• You were with her last night. 
• I am living in it.
• They were talking about them.
• She is married to him I work with them.
• We wanted to travel on it.
• I applied for it.
• We went to it.

1.   The bed i slept in was too soft.

2.   I didn't get the job_______________________________

3.   The man________________________________has been married twice before.

4.   The party_________________________________wasn't very enjoyable.

5.   Who was that woman_________________________________?

6.   The flight__________________________________was fully booked.

7.   I enjoy my job because I like the people________________________________________.

8.   I wasn't interested in the things________________________________________________.

9.   The house________________________________is not in very good condition.

85.3   Complete these sentences, where necessary, with that, who, or what. If itis possible to write that or leave it out, write (that) - inparentheses ( . . . )

Examples: Did you hear what I said?
Everything (that) he said was true.

1.   She gives her children everything______________________________they want

2.   Tell me________________________________you want, and I'll try to help you.

3.   Why do you blame me for everything_______________________________goes wrong?

4.   I won't be able to do very much, but I'll do the best________________________I can

5.   I can't lend you any money. All__________________I have is a dollar

6.   Susan is the only person________________understands me.

7.   Why do you always disagree with everything_______________________i say?

8.   I don't agree with __________________just said.

9.   This is an awful movie. It's the wors________________________I've ever seen.

Relative clauses (2)

UNIT 85 Relative clauses (2) clauses with or without who/that

A.   Look again at these examples from the last unit:

• The man who lives next door is very friendly. (or that lives)

• Where are the eggs that were in the refrigerator? (or which were)

In these who and that subjects of the in the relative clauses: the man lives next door, the eggs were in the refrigerator. You cannot leave out who or that in these sentences
Sometimes who and that are objects of the verbs:

the man - I wanted to see (him) - was away on vacation
                                                 ||
The man                              (who) (or that) I wanted to see was away on vacation.

have you found the keys? you lost them
                                                                 ||
Have you found the keys                 (that) you lost?

When who or that are objects of the verbin the relative clause, you can leave them out: 

• The man I wanted to see was away on vacation. (but not The man I wanted to see him was away on vacation.)

• Have you found the keys you lost? (but not Have you found the keys you lost them)

• The dress Ann bought doesn't fit her very well, (= the dress that Ann bought)

• The woman Jerry is going to marry is Mexican (= the woman who/that Jerry is going to marry)

• Is there anything I can do? (= is there anything that I can do?)                       

B.   There are often prepositions (in/at/with, etc.) in relative clauses. Study the position of the prepositions in these sentences:

do you know the girl? -Tom is talking                       (to) her
                                                                                            ||
Do you know the girl (who/that) Tom is talking (to)?

the bed -I slept             (in) it last night - wasn't very comfortable.
                                          ||
The bed (that) I slept (in) last night wasn't very comfortable.

• The man (who/that)Isat next to on the plane talked all the time.

• Are these the books (that) you have been looking for?

• The girl (who/that) he fell in love with left him after a few weeks.

C.   You cannot use what instead of that:

• Everything (that) he said was true. (not everything what he said)

• I gave her all the money (that) I had. (not all . . . what I had)

What= the thing(s) that:

• Did you hear what I said? (= the words that I said)

• I won't tell anyone what happened (= the thing that happened)

Relative Clauses (1) Exercises

UNIT 84 Relative Clauses (1) Exercises

84.1   Explain what these words mean. Choose the right meaning from the list and then write a sentence with who. Use a dictionary if necessary.

he/she steals from a store 
he/she breaks into a house and steals things
he/she doesn't eat meat
he/she fills prescriptions for medicine
he/she designs buildings
he/she buys something from a store

1.   (an architect) An architect us someone who designs buildings.

2.   (a burglar) A burglar is someone_________________________________________

3.   (a vegetarian) A vegetarian_______________________________________________

4.   (a customer)_________________________________________________________________

5.   (a shoplifter)________________________________________________________________

6.   (a pharmacist)______________________________________________________________

84.2   Read the two sentences and then write one sentence with the same meaning. Use a relative clause in your sentence.

Example: A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in the hospital
The girl who was injured in the accident is now in the hospital.

1.   A man answered the phone. He told me you were out.
The man____________________________________________________________

2.   A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.
The__________________________________________________________________

3.   Some boys were arrested. They have now been released.
The boys____________________________________________________________
                      
84.3   The sentences in this exercise are not complete. Choose the most appropriate ending from the list and make it into a relative clause.

he invented the telephone.
it gives you the meanings of words.
she runs away from home.
it won the race.
they are never on time.
it can support life.
they stole my car.
it was found last week.
they used to hang on that wall.
it makes typewriters

1.   Jerry works for a company that (or which) makes typewriters.

2.   The book is about a girl_________________________________________________________

3.   What was the name of the horse__________________________________________________?

4.   The police have caught the men___________________________________________________

5.   Alexander Bell was the man________________________________________________________

6.   Where are the pictures ______________________________________________________________?

7.   The police are still trying to identify the body ______________________________________________
 
8.   A dictionary is a book_________________________________________________________________
 
9.   I don't like people______________________________________________________________________

10.   It seems that Earth is the only planet___________________________________________________

Relative clauses (1)

UNIT 84   Relative clauses (1) clauses with who/that/which

Study this example:

The man (who lives next door) is very friendly
                       |                       |
                       relative clause

A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means:

• The man who lives next door . . . (who lives next door tells us which man)

• People who live in Paris . . . (who live in Paris tells us what kind of people)

We use who in a relative clause when we are talking about people. We use who instead of he/she/they

the man - (he) lives next door - is very friendly.
                     ||
The man (who) lives next door is very friendly.

we know a lot of people - (they) live in Boston.
                                                   ||
We know a lot of people   (who) live in Boston.

• An architect is someone who designs buildings.

• What was the name of the man who lent you the money?

• The girl who was injured in the accident is now in the hospital.

• Anyone who wants to take the exam must sign up before next Friday.

It is also possible to use that instead of who:

• The man that lives next door is very friendly

But sometimes you must use who for people.
                    
B.   When we are talking about things, we use that (not who) in relative clause. We use that instead of it/they:

where are the eggs? - (they) were in the refrigerator
                                           ||
Where are the eggs     (that) were in the refrigerator?

• I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.

• Jerry works for a company that makes typewriters.

• Everything that happened was my fault.

• The window that was broken has now been repaired.

You can also use which for things (but not for people):

• Where are the eggs which were in the refrigerator?

That is more usual than which in the sentences in this unit. But sometimes you must use which.

C.   Remember that we use who/that/which instead of he/she/they/it:

• Do you know the man who lives next door? (not . . . who he lives . . .)

All, every, and whole Exercises

UNIT 83 All, every, and whole Exercises

83.1   Complete these sentences with all, everything, or everyone/everybody.

Examples: Ann knows everyone (or everybody) on her street.
All I've eaten today is a sandwich.

1.   Tom is very popular ____________________ likes him.

2.   _________________________was very kind to us. They did_____________________they could to help us

3.   Jill doesn't do any of the housework. Her husband does_________________________

4.   Margaret told me______________________about her new job. It sounds very interesting.

5.   Can____________________write their names on a piece of paper, please?

6.   I can't lend you any money.__________________________I've got is a dollar, and I need that

7.   I can't stand him. He disagrees with___________________I Say.

8.   I didn't spend much money shopping._____________________I bought was a pair of gloves.

9.   Why are you always thinking about money? Money isn't________________________

10.   He didn't say where he was going._____________________he said was that he was going away.

11.   _____________________has their faults. Nobody is perfect.                       


83.2   Make sentences with the whole.

Example: He read the book from beginning to end. He read the whale book.

1.   He opened a bottle of soda. When he frnished drinking, there was no soda left in the bottle
He drank the___________________________________________________.

2.   The police came to our house. They were looking for something. They searched everywhere, every room. They searched______________________________________________.

3.   She worked from early in the morning until late in the evening

4.   Everyone in Tim and Carol's family plays tennis. Tim and Carol play, and so do all their
children. The_______________________________________________tennis.

5.   Jack and Jill went to the beach for a week. It rained from the beginning of the week to the end.
It____________________________________________________________________

6.   It was a terrible fire. Nothing was left of the building afterward.
_________________________________________________________________destroyed in the fire

7.   Everyone on the team played well. ____________________________________

Now make sentences for 3 and 5 again. This time use all instead of whole.

8.   (3) She___________________________________________

9.   (5) It______________________________________________


83.3   Now say how often something happens. Use every with these periods of time:

four years        ten minutes         four hours       six months         five minutes

Example: There's good bus service to the city center. The buses run every five minutes.

1.   Tom is sick in bed. He has some medicine. He has to take it_________________________

2.   The Olympic Games take place__________________________________

3.   Everyone should have a checkup with the dentist_______________________________

4.   We live near a busy airport. A plane flies over the house______________________________

All, every, and whole

UNIT  83  All, every, and whole

A.   All everyone    everybody     everything

We do not normally use all to mean everyone/everybody:
street)

• Everybody enjoyed the party. (not All enjoyed . . . )

• Ann knows everyone on her street. (not all on her street)

Sometimes you can use all to mean everything, but it is usually better to say everything:
went wrong)

• He thinks he knows everything. (not knows all)

• It was a terrible vacation. Everything went wrong. (not all went wrong)

But you can use all in the expression all about:

• They told us all about their vacation.

We also use all to mean the only thing(s):

• All I've eaten today is a sandwich. (the only thing I've eaten)

B.   We use a singular verb after Every/everyone/everybody/everything:

• Every seat in the theater was taken.

• Everybody looks tired today

• Everything she said was true

But we often use they/them/their after everyone/everybody, specially in spoken English:

• Has everyone got their tickets? (= his or her ticket)

• Everybody said they would come (= he or she would come)                       

C.   All and whole 
We use whole mainly with singular nouns:

• Have you read the whole book? (all the book, not just a part of it)

• He was very quiet. He didn't say a word the whole evening.

• She has spent her whole life in South America. 

We say the/my/her, etc., before whole. her life

• the whole book/all the book 

• her whole life/all her life

You can also say "a whole . . .''

• Jack ate a whole loaf of bread yesterday. (= a complete loaf)

We do not normally use whole with uncountable nouns:

all the money (not the whole money)


D.   Every/all/whole with time words

We use every to say how often something happens. So we say every day/every week/every Monday/every ten minutes/every three weeks, etc:

• We go out every Friday night

• The buses run every ten minutes.

• Ann goes to see her mother every three weeks.

All day/the whole day= the complete day

• We spent all day/the whole day on the beach.

• I've been trying to find you all morning /the whole morning.

Note that we say all day/all week, etc. (not all the day/all the week)

Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty Exercises

UNIT 82  Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty Exercises

82.1   Complete these sentences with much, many, and a lot (of). Sometimes there are two possibilities.

Examples: There weren't many people at the party I had seen before.
It cost me a lot of to furnish this house.

1.   We'll have to hurry. We don't have __________________ time.

2.   Tom drinks ___________________ milk two quarts a day.

3.   She is a very quiet person. She doesn't say ___________________.

4.   I drank coffee last night. Perhaps too_____________________.

5.   ______________________ people do not like flying.

6.   The woman was badly injured in the accident. She lost ________________blood.

7.   It's not a very lively town. There isn't ___________________to do.

8.   This car is expensive to run. It uses ____________________ gasoline.

9.   Don't bother me. I have ___________________ work to do.

10.   He has so __________________  money, he doesn't know what to do with it.

11.   She always puts___________________salt on her food.

12.   We didn't take __________________ pictures when we were on vacation.                       


82.2   Make sentences with plenty (of). Use the word in parentheses ( . . . ).

Example: We needn't hurry. (time) we have plenty of time.

1.   He has no financial problems. (money) He has____________________________________

2.   We don't need to go to a gas station. (gas) We_______________________________________

3.   Come and sit at our table. (room) There is_________________________________________

4.   We can make omelettes forlunch. (eggs) We___________________________________________

5.   We'll easily find somewhere to stay. (hotels) There______________________________________

6.   I can't believe you're still hungry. (to eat) You've had____________________________________

7.   Why are you sitting there doing nothing? (things to do) You___________________________________


82.3   Complete these sentences with little/a little/few/a few.

Examples: Hurry! We have little time.
I last saw Tom a few days ago.

1.   We didn't have any money, but Tom had_____________________.

2.   He doesn't speak much English. Only____________________words.

3.   Jane's father died ________________ years ago.

4.   "Would you like some more coffee?''  ''Yes, please, but only___________________''

5.   This town isn't very well known and there isn't much to see, so __________________tourists come. here.

6.   I don't think Jill would be good teacher. She has _________________patience with children.

7.   This is not the first time the car has broken down. It has happened _________________times before.

8.   The theater was almost empty. There were very _____________________ people there.

9.   There is a shortage of water because there has been very ______________________ rain.

Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty

UNIT 82    Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty

A.   Much   many   few   little

We use much and little with uncountable nouns:

• much time.

• much luck.

• little energy.

• little money.

We use many and few with plural nouns:

• many friends 

• many people

• few cars  

• few countries

B.   A lot (of)      lots (of)       plenty (of)

We use a lot of/lots of/plenty of with uncountable and plural nouns:

• plenty of money

• a lot of luck

• lots of time

• plenty of ideas

• lots of books

• a lot of people

Plenty= more than enough:

• "Have some more to eat.''  ''No, thank you. I've had plenty.''

• There's no need to hurry. We have plenty of time.

C.   We use much and many mainly in negative sentences and questions:

• We didn't spend much money.

• Do you have many friends?

In positive sentences it is usually better to use a lot (of). Much is not normally used in positive sentences:

• We spent a lot of money. (not we spent much money)

• There has been a lot of rain recently. (not much rain)

But we use too much and so much in positive sentences:

• I can't drink this tea. There's too much sugar in it.                       

D.   Little/a little/few/a few

Little and few (without a) are negative ideas:

• Hurry up! There's little time. (= not much, not enough time)

• He's not popular. He has few friends. (= not many, not enough friends)

We often use very before little and few (very little and very few):

• There's very little time.

• He has very few friends.

''A little" and "a few" are more positive ideas. A little/a few = some, a small amount, or a small number:

• Let's go and have a cup of coffee. We have a little time before the train leaves. (= some time, enough time to have a drink)

• "Do you have any money?" "Yes, a little. Do you want to borrow some?"

• I enjoy my life here. I have a few friends and we get together. (a few friends = not many but enough to have a good time)

• "When did you last see Tom?" "A few days ago." (some days ago)

But "only a little" and "only a few'' have a negative meaning:

• Hurry up! We only have a little time.

• The town was very small. There were only a few houses.

No and any Exercises

UNIT 81 No and any Exercises

81.1   Answer these questions with none (of)/no one/nobody/nothing/nowhere.
Example: What did you do? Nothing

1.   Where are you going?
________________________

2.   How many children does he have?
________________________

3.   What did you tell them?
________________________

4.   Who are you talking to?
________________________

5.   How much of this money is yours?
________________________

Now write answers to these questions with any/anyone/anybody/anything/anywhere.

Example: "What did you do? I didn't do anything.
 
6.   ''Where are you going?''  "I___________________________________________''

7.   "How many children do they have?"  "They_________________________________________''

8.   ''Who did you dance with?''  "I_____________________________________________________''

9.   "What did they give you"  ''________________________________________________________''                   

81.2   Complete these sentences with no/none/no one/nobody/nothing/nowhere/any/anyone

.2
anybody anything anywhere.

Examples: There were no stores open.   I don't want anything to eat.

1.   The bus was completely empty. There wasn't _______________ on it

2.   Where did you go for your vacation?"  ''________________I stayed home."

3.   I couldn't make an omelette because I had_______________________eggs.
 
4.   I didn't say _______________. Not a word

5.   The accident looked serious, but fortunately ___________________ was injured.

6.   The town was still the same when I returned years later. __________________ had changed.

7.   We took a few photographs, but ___________ of them were very good.

8.   I can't find my watch____________________. I've looked all over the house.

9.   What did you have for breakfast?" ''_________________I don't usually have ________________for breakfast."

10.   We canceled the because of the people invited could come.

11.   ________________ intelligent person could do such a stupid thing

12.   There was complete silence in the room. _________________said_________________.

13.   How many movie theaters are there in this town?"  ''_________________The last one closed six months ago."

14.   The four of us wanted to go to a restaurant, but we couldn't because__________________ of us had___________________money.
                  

81.3   Make sentences with any/no + a comparative.

Example: I hear you weren't feeling well yesterday. Do you feel any better today?

1.   I'm going as fast as I can. I can't go__________________________________.

2.   What makes you think Harry is old? He is __________________________________ than you.

3.   I'm sorry I'm late, but I couldn't come____________________________________________________.

4.   This restaurant is a little expensive. Is the other one__________________________________________?

5.   I have to stop for a rest. I can't walk______________________________________.

No and any

UNIT 81 No and any

A.   No     none    no one      nobody     nothing     nowhere
We use these negative words especially at the beginning of a sentence or alone:

• No one (or Nobody) came to visit when was in the hospital.

• No system of government is perfect.

• "Where are you going?''   "Nowhere. I'm staying here.''

• None of these books are mine.

• ''What did you do?" "Nothing."

You can also use these words in the middle or at the end of a sentence. But don't use "not"
with these words. They are already negative:

• I saw nothing. (not I didn't see nothing.)

In the middle or at the end of a sentence, we more often use: not . . . any/anyone/anybody/anything/anywhere:

• I didn't see anything. (=I saw nothing.)

• We don't have any money. (= We have no money.)

• The station isn't anywhere near here. (= . . . is nowhere near her)

• She didn't tell anyone about her plans. (= She told no one)

Where there is another negative word, you don't need "not":

• Nobody tells me anything. (= People don't tell me anything.)                        

B.   No and none

We use no with a noun. No = not a or not any:

• We had to walk because there was no bus. (= there wasn't a bus)

• I can't talk to you now. I have no time (= I don't have any time)

• There were no stores open. (= There weren't any stores open.)

We use none alone (without a noun):

• "How much money do you have''  "None.''

Or we use none of:

• none of these shops.

• none of my money.

• none of it/us/you/them.

After none of + a plural word ("none of the girls/none of them,'' etc.), you can use a singular or a plural verb. A plural verb is more usual, especially in spoken English:

• None of the people I met were English.

C.   After no one/nobody we often say they/them/their:

• Nobody called, did they? (= did he or she)

• No one in the class did their homework. (his or her homework)

D.   You can use any/no with comparative (any better/no bigger, etc.)

• Do you feel any better today? (= Do you feel better at all?- said to someone who felt sick yesterday)

• We've waited long enough. I'm not waiting any longer. (= not even a minute longer)

• I expected your house to be very big, but it's no bigger than mine. (= not even a little bigger)

Some and any Exercises

UNIT 80 Some and any Exercises

80.1   Complete these sentences with some/any/someone/anyone/somebody/something/anything/somewhere/anywhere.
Examples: Ann bought some new shoes
The boy refused to tell us anything.

1.   Does __________________ mind if I smoke?

2.   Would you like ____________________ to eat?

3.   Do you live __________________ near Jim?

4.   The prisoners refused to eat _____________________

5.   There's __________________ Romero at the door. Can you go and see who it is?

6.   We slept in the park because we didn't have ____________________ to stay. We didn't know ________________________ we could stay with, and we didn't have _______________money for a hotel.

7.   Can I have ______________ milk in my coffee, please?

8.   Sue is very secretive. She never tells______________________(two words).

9.   Why are you looking under the bed? Have you lost____________________?

10.   You can cash these travelers checks at ___________________ bank.

11.   haven't read _______________ of these books, but Tom has read_________________of them.

12.   He left the house without saying ___________________to______________________

13.   Would you like ________________ more coffee

14.   The film is really great. You can ask __________________who has seen it

15.   This is a No Parking area. ________________________ who parks here will have to pay a fine.

16.   Can you give me ____________________ information about places to see in the town?

17.   With this special tourist bus ticket you can go  _________________________you like ___________ bus you like.                       


80.2   Write sentences with if

Example: Perhaps someone will need help. If so, they can ask me.
If anyone needs hep, they can ask me.

1.   Perhaps someone will ring the doorbell. If so, don't let them in.
if______________________________________________________don't let them in.

2.   Perhaps someone will ask you some questions. If so, don't tell them anythig
if___________________________________________________________________________

3.   Perhaps someone saw the accident If so. They should contact the police.
if___________________________________________________________________________




80.3   Complete these sentences. Use any/anyone/anybody/anything/anywhere.
Example: I don't care what you tell him. You can tell him anything you like.

1.   I don't care what you wear to the party. You can wear___________________________________

2.   I don't care where you sit. You can______________________________________

3.   It doesn't matter which day you come. You ___________________________________

4.   I don't care who you talk to. You _______________________________________

5.   It doesn't matter which flight you travel on. You____________________________________

6.   I don't care who you marry. ______________________________________________________

7.   It doesn't matter what time you call. _______________________________________________

Some and any

UNIT 80 Some and any

A.   In general we use some in positive sentences and any in negative sentences.

• They don't have any children.

• Ann has bought some new

• He's lazy. He never does any work.

• I've got something in my eye.

We use any in the following sentences because the meaning is negative:

• He left home without any money. (He didn't any money.)

• She refused to say anything. (She didn't say anything.)

B.   We often use any/anyone/anything, etc., after if:

• If any letters arrive for me, can you send them to this address?

• If anyone has any questions, I'll be glad to answer them.

• If you need anything, just ask.

• Buy some pears if you see any.

The following sentences are without if, but they have the idea of  if:

• Anyone who wants to take the exam must give me their names before Friday. (= if there is anyone who . . . )

• I'll send on any letters that arrive for you. If there are any                       

C.    In questions we usually use any (not some):

• you have any money? 

• Has anybody seen Tom?

But we often use some in questions when we expect the answer "yes":

• What's wrong with your eye? Have you got something in it? (= I think you have something in your eye, and I expect you to say "yes")

We use some in questions, especially when we offer or ask for things:

• would you like some tea? 

• Can I have some of those apples?

D.   Any also has another meaning. Any/anybody/anything/anywhere can mean it doesn't matter which/who/what/where:

• You can catch any of these buses. They all go downtown. (= it doesn't matter which of these buses)

• Come and see me any time you want. (= it doesn't matter when)

• You can have anything you want for your birthday present.

• We left the door unlocked. Anybody could have come in.

• I'd rather go anywhere than stay at home during my vacation.

• ''Sing a song.''   ''Which song shall I sing?''  ''Any song. I don't care.''

E.   Someone/somebody/anyone/anybody are singular words:

• Someone wants to see you.

• Is anybody there?

But we often use they/them/their after these words:

• If anyone wants to leave early, they can. (= he or she can)

• Somebody has spilled their. (= his or her) coffee on the carpet.

Both, neither, either Exercises

UNIT 79  Both, neither, either  Exercises

79.1   Complete these sentences with bothneitherleither. Sometimes you need of.

Examples: There are two windows in my room. It was very warm so I had both of them open.
"Do you want tea or coffee?"   ''Either. It doesn't matter."

1.   After the accident______________cars stopped.  ______________drivers got out and started shouting at each other______________them were very angry.

2.   It wasn't a very good soccer game________________team played well.

3.   A: Which of the two movies did you prefer? The first one or the second one?

B:   Actually, I didn't like_______________them

4.   There are two ways to get downtown. You can take the local streets, or you can take the highway. You can go________________way

5.   _________________ these sweaters are very nice. I don't know which one to buy.

6.   _________________ my parents are American. My father is Polish and my mother is Italian.

7.   "Do you care which sandwich I take?''  ''No, take_______________''

8.   "Is today the 18th or the 19th?"  ''_________________It's the 20th''

9.   Tom and I hadn't eaten for a long time, so _______________ us were very hungry.

10.   When the boat started to sink, we were really frightened because _____________ us could swim.

11.   A: Did you go to Florida or Puerto Rico for your vacation?

B: We went to_______________:  a week in Florida and a week in Puerto Rico.                     

79.2   Make sentences with both . . . and . . . , neither . . . nor, and either . . . or . . . .

Examples: Tom was late. So was Ann. Both Tom and Ann were late

He didn't write. He didn't telephone. He neither wrote nor telephoned.

1.   The hotel wasn't clean And it wasn't comfortable.
The hotel was neither_______________________________

2.   It was a very boring movie. It was very long too.
The movie was________________________________

3.  Is that man's name Richard? Or is it Robert? It's one of the two.
That man's name______________________________

4.   I don't have the time to take a vacation. And I don't have the money.
I have________________________________________________________________

5.   We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow - whichever you prefer.
We____________________________________________________________________

6.   He gave up his job because he needed a change. Also because the pay was low.
He gave up his job both_________________________________________________________

7.   Laura doesn't smoke. And she doesn't eat meat.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
 
8.   The front of the house needs painting. The back needs painting too.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Both, neither, either

UNIT 79  Both/both of, neither/neither of, either/either of

A.   We use both, neither, and either when we are talking about two things. You can use these words with a noun:

• Both restaurants are very good. (not the both restaurants)

• Neither restaurant is expensive.

• We can go to either restaurant. I don't care. (either= one or the other; it doesn't matter which one)

• I didn't like either restaurant. (not the one or the other)

B.   You can also use both/neither/either with of . . . . When you use these words with of, you always need the/these/those/my/your/his, etc. You cannot say, "both of restaurants." You have to say "both of the restaurants,''  "both of these restaurants,'' etc.:

• Both of these restaurants are very good

• Neither of the restaurants we went to was (or were) expensive.

• We can go to either of those restaurants. I don't mind.

With both you can leave out of. So you can say:

• both my parents    or    both of my parents                       

C.   After both of/neither of/either of you can also use us/you/them:

• Can either of you speak Spanish?

• I wanted Tom and Ann to come, but neither of them wanted to.

You must say: "both of'' before us/you/them:

• Both of us were very tired. (not Both us.)

D.   After neither of . . . you can use a singular or a plural verb:

• Neither of the children wants (or want) to go to bed.

• Neither of us is (or are) married

E.   You can say both  . . . and . . . neither . . . nor . . . , and either . . . or . . . . Study these examples:

• Both Tom and Ann were late.

• They were both tired and hungry.

• Neither Tom nor Ann came to the party

• He said he would contact me, but he neither wrote nor called.

• I'm not sure where he is from. He's either Spanish or Italian.

• Either you apologize, or I'll never speak to you again.

F.   You can also use both/neither/either alone:

• "Is he British or American?''  ''Neither. He's Australian.''

• "Do you want tea or coffee?"  "Either. It doesn't matter.''

• I couldn't decide which one to choose. I liked both.

All, no, most Exercises

UNIT 78  All, no, most  Exercises

78.1   Read each situation and then make a sentence from the words in parentheses ( . . . ).

Example: I need someone who can speak Spanish. (any/your friends/speak Spanish?)
Do any of your friends speak spanish?

1.   We went out and it started to rain. We all got wet because (none/us/have/an umbrella)
none___________________________________________________________________________

2.   When they got married, they kept it a complete secret. (they/not/tell/any/their friends) They__________________________________________________________________________________

3.   I don't want all this lemonade. (you/want/some/it?) Do______________________________________________

4.   This is a very old town. (many/the buildings/over 800 years old)
____________________________________________________________________________________

5.   Jim won a lot of money last year. (he/spend/half/it on a new car)
____________________________________________________________________________________

6.   A lot of people were interested in the job. (the manager/interview/each/the people who applied)__________________________________________________________________________

7.   Not many people live in the north of the country. (most/the people/live/the south)
____________________________________________________________________________________

8.   The club is mainly for younger people. (few /the members/over 25)
____________________________________________________________________________________

9.   When the mail arrived, she looked through it hopefully, but (none/the letters for her)_______________________________________________________________________________                       


78.2   Complete these sentences with most or most of

Example: Most tourists do not visit this part of the town.

1.   I spend___________________my spare time gardening.

2.   The public transportation system is bad, but____________________people have a car

3.   ____________________days I get up early.

4.   We had a relaxing vacation. _____________________ the time we lay on the beach.

5.   The church is very old. _____________________it was built in the 12th century.

6.   I bet ______________________you are tired after your long trip


78.3    Answer these questions using the word(s) in parentheses.

Example: Do you like this music (some) some of it

1.   Did you watch the movie? (most) __________________________

2.   Did you take these photographs? (some) ___________________________

3.   Have you read these books? (a few)_____________________________

4.   Are those people Canadian? (most)___________________________

5.   How much of this luggage is yours? (all)_________________________

6.   How many of these people do you know? (not many)_________________________

7.   Does this furniture belong to you? (some)________________________________

8.   Have you spent all the money I gave you? (not all)_________________________

9.   How much of this money is yours? (half)_____________________________