If and wish sentences (past)

UNIT 36 If and wish sentences (past)

A.   Study this example situation:

Last month Ann was sick. Tom didn't know this, and he didn't go to see her. They met again Ann got better. Tom said:

If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.

The real situation was that Tom didn't know Ann was sick. So he says If I had known . . . When you are talking about the past, you use the past perfect ( I had known/I had been/I had done, etc.) after if.

• If I had seen you when you passed me in the street, I would have said hello. (but I didn't see you)

• I would have gone out if I hadn't been so tired. (but I was too tired)

• If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn't have walked into the wall. (but he wasn't looking)

Do not use would (have) in the if part of the sentence:

• If I had seen you, I would have said hello. (not if I would have seen)

Both would and had can be shortened to 'd

• If I'd seen (= had seen) you, I'd have said (= would have said) hello.                         

B.   Use the past perfect (I had done) after wish when you say that you regret something that happened or didn't happen in the past:

• I wish I had known that Ann was sick. I would have gone to see her. ( I didn't know that she was sick.)

• I feel sick. I wish I hadn't eaten so much. (I ate too much.)

• Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? (You didn't study science.)

• The weather was terrible. I wish it had been warmer. (It wasn't warm.)

You cannot use would have after wish:

• I wish it had been warmer. (not would have been)

C.   would have (done) is the past form of would (do):

• If I had gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. (I am not tired now-present.)

• If I had gone to the party last night, I would have seen Ann. (I didn't see Ann-past.)

Might have and could have are possible instead of would have:

If we'd played better, we might have won. (= perhaps we would have won)
We could have gone out if the weather hadn't been so bad. (= we would have been able to go out)

If and Wish sentences ( present ) Exercises

UNIT 35 If and Wish sentences ( present ) Exercises

35.1   Put the verb into the correct form.


Examples: If I knew (know) her number, I would call her.
  I wouldn't buy. (not/buy) that coat if I were you

1.   I _____________________________ (give) you a cigarette if I had one, but I'm afraid I don't.

2.   This soup would taste better if it _____________________________ (have) more salt in it.

3.   If you (not go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be so tired all the time.

4.   I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather _______________________________ (be) better

5.   I'd help you if I _____________________________ (can), but I'm afraid l can't.

6.   If I were you, I ______________________________ (not/marry) him.

7.   We would gladly buy that house if it _____________________________ (not be) so small.


35.2   Read the situation and write a sentence with if.

Example: We don't visit you very often because you live so far away.

But if you didn't live so far away, we would visit you more often.

1.   People don't understand him because he doesn't speak very clearly.
But if he_____________________________people_________________________________

2.   I'm not going to buy that book because it s too expensive.
But if that book______________________________________________________________

3.   She doesn't go out very often because she can't walk without help.
But if__________________________________________________________________________

4.   He's fat because he doesn't get any exercise.
But_____________________________________________________________________________

5.   We can't have lunch outside because it's raining.
__________________________________________________________________________________

6.   I can't meet you tomorrow evening because have to work                       
__________________________________________________________________________________


35.3   Write sentences with I wish . . .

Example: I don't know many people (and I'm lonely). I wish I knew more people.

1.   I can't give up smoking (but I'd like to). I wish I__________________________________________________

2.   I don't have any cigarettes (and I need one). I wish_______________________________________________

3.   George isn't here (and I need him). I wish George_________________________________________________

4.   It's cold (and I hate cold weather). I wish__________________________________________________________

5.   I live in New York City (and I hate New York City). I_____________________________________________

6.   Tina can't come to the party (she's your best friend). I___________________________________________

7.   I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed) ____________________________________________

8.   I don't know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down)
_______________________________________________________________

9.   I'm not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that's a shame).
________________________________________________________________








Answers

35.1

1- would give.
2- had.
3- did't go.
4- were.
5- could.
6- wouldn't marry.
7- weren't.

35.2

1- spoke clearly, would understand him.
2- weren't so expensive I would buy it.
3- She could walk without help she would go out more often.
4- If he got some exercise he wouldn't be fat.
5- But if It weren't raining we would have lunch outside.
6- But if I didn't have to work I could meer you tomorrow.

35.3

1- could give up smoking.
2- I had a cigarette.
3- were here.
4- It weren't so cold.
5- wish I didn't live in NYC
6- wish she could came to the party.
7- I wish I could stay in bed
8- I wish I knew something about cars.
9- I wish I were lying on a beatiful sunny beach.

If and wish sentences (present)

UNIT 35 If and wish sentences (present)

A.   Study this example situation:

Tom wants to call Sue, but he can't because he doesn't know her telephone number.
He says:

If I knew her number, I would call her.

Tom says "If I knew her number . . . '' This tells us that he doesn't know her number He is imagining the situation. The real situation is that he doesn't know her number.

when you imagine a situation like this, you use a past tense form ("I did/I had/I knew,''etc.) after if. But the meaning is present, not past:

• Tom would travel if he had more money. (but he doesn't have much money)

• If I didn't want to go, I wouldn't. (but I want to go)

• We wouldn't have any money if we didn't work. (but we work)                         

B.  We also use for a present situation after wish. We use wish to say that we regret something, that that something is not as we would like it to be:

• I wish I knew Sue's telephone number. (I don't know it.) 

• Do you ever wish you could fly? (It rains a (You can't fly)
   
•  I wish it didn't rain so much in this city. (It rains a lot)
   
• It's crowded here. I wish there weren't so many people. (There are a lot of people)

• I wish I didn't have to work. (I have to work.)

C.   In if sentences and after wish we use were instead of was:

• If I were you, I wouldn't buy that coat. (but I am not you)

• I'd go out if it weren't raining. (but it is raining)

• I wish my room were larger. (but it isn't very large)

D.   Do not use would in the if part of the sentence or after wish:

• If I were rich,I would buy a castle. (not if I would be rich)

• I wish I were taller (not I wish I would be taller.)

But sometimes I wish . . . would . . . is possible.

Could sometimes means "would be able to" and sometimes ''was able to'':

• She could (= would be able to) get a job more easily if she could (= was able to) type.

If setences ( present/future ) Exercises

UNIT 34 If setences ( present/future ) Exercises.

34.1   Put the verb into the correct form.
Examples: If I found a $100 bill on the street, I would keep (keep) it
They'd be very angry if you didn't visit (not/visit) them.


1.   If the company offered me the job, I think I__________________(take) it.

2.   I'm sure Liz will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if she___________________(refuse).

3.   Many people would be out of work if that factory_________________________(close) down

4.   If she sold her car, she _________________________ (not/get) much money for it.

5.   They're expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ____________________ (not/come)

6.   Would George be angry if I ____________________ (take) his bicycle without asking?

7.   Ann gave me this ring. She _________________________ (be) terribly upset if I lost it.

8.   If someone _____________________ (walk) in here with a gun, I'd be very frightened.

9.   What would happen if you ______________________ (not/go) to work tomorrow?

10.   I'm sure she ___________________ (understand) if you explained the situation to her                        


34.2   Make questions.
Example: Perhaps one day somebody will give you a lot of money
what would you do if someone gave you a lot of money?


1.   Perhaps one day a millionaire will ask you to marry him/her.
what would you do if____________________________________________________


2.   Perhaps one day you will lose your passport in a foreign country.
what________________________________________________________________________

3.   Perhaps one day somebody will throw an egg at you.
what________________________________________________________________________

4.   Perhaps one day your car will be stolen
what________________________________________________________________________

5.   Perhaps one day somebody will park a car on your foot.
______________________________________________________________________________


34.3   Answer these questions in the way shown.
Example: Are you going to take the 10:30 train?(we/arrive too early)
No. If we took the 10:30 train, we would arrive teo early

1.   Is he going to take the exam? (he/fail it)
No. If he__________________________, he____________________________________

2.   Are you going to invite Bill to the party? (I/have to invite Linda too)
No. If I_________________________________________________________________

3.   you going to bed now? (I/not/sleep)
No. _____________________________________________________________________

4.   Is she going to apply for the job? (she/not/get it)
No. _____________________________________________________________________


Answers


34.1

1- would take
2- refuse
3- closed
4- wouldn't get
5- didn't come
6- took
7- would be
8- walked
9- didn't go
10- would understand


34.2

1- a millionare asked you to marry him?
2- would you do if you lost your passport in a foreing country?
3- would you do if somebody threw an egg at you?
4- would you do if you car was stolen?
5- would you do if somebody parked a car on your foot?


34.3

1- took the exam, would fail it.
2- invited Bill to the party, I would have to invited linda too.
3- if a went to bed now, I wouldn't sleep.
4- if she applied for the job, She wouldn't get it.

If sentences (present/future)

UNIT 34 If sentences (present/future)

A.   Compare these examples:
Tom: I think I left my lighter at your house. Have you seen it?
Ann: No, but I'll look. If I find it, I'll give it to you.

In this example there is a real possibility that Ann will find the lighter. So she says: "If I find . . . I'll . . .

Ann: If I found a $100 bill on the street, I would keep it.

This is a different type of situation. Ann is not thinking about a real possibility; she is imagining the situation. So she says: "If I found . . . I would . . . (not "If I find . . . I'll . . . )


When you imagine a future happening like this, you use a past tense form (did/came/found, etc.) after if. But the meaning past:

• What would you do if you won a million dollars?

• If we didn't go to their party next week, they would be very angry.

• Ann wouldn't lend any money If I asked her.                         

B.   We do not normally use would in the if part the sentence:

• I'd be very frightened if someone pointed a gun at me. (not if someone would point)

• If we didn't go to their party next week, they would be angry. (not if we wouldn't go)

Sometimes is possible to say if . . . would , especially when you ask someone to do something in a formal way:

• I would be very grateful if you would send me your brochure and price list as soon as possible. (from a formal letter)

C   In the other part of the sentence (not the if part) we use would/wouldn't. Would is often shortened to 'd, especially in spoken English:

• If you stopped smoking, you'd probably feel healthier.

• They wouldn't come to the party if you invited them.

You can also use could and might.

• They might be angry if I didn't visit them (= perhaps they would be)

• If it stopped raining, we could go out. (= we would be able to go out)

D.   Do not use when in sentences like this:

• Tom would be angry if I didn't visit him. (not when I didn't visit)

• What would you do if you were bitten by a snake? (not when you were)

Subjunctive ( I suggest you do ) Exercises

UNIT 33 Subjunctive Exercises

33.1   Write a sentence that means the same as the first sentence. Begin in the way shown.
Example: "Why don't you buy some new clothes?" she said to him.
She suggested that he buy some new clothes.


1.   "You really must stay a little longer,'' she said to me. She insisted that_________________________________________

2.   "Why don't you visit the museum after lunch?" I said to her.
I suggested that_____________________________________________________________

3.   "I think it would be a good idea to see a specialist,'' the doctor said to me.
The doctor recommended that _____________________________________________________________

4.   "You have to pay the rent by Friday at the latest," the landlord said to the tenant.
The landlord demanded____________________________________________________________________

5.   "Why don't you go away for a few days?" Jack said to me.
Jack suggested that___________________________________________________________________

6.   "Let's have dinner early,'' Alice said to us.
Alice proposed that___________________________________________________________________
                        

33.2   Complete these sentences with an appropriate verb.
Examples: I suggest that you take a vacation.
I insisted that something be done about the problem.


1.   Our friends recommended that we _______________ our vacation in the mountains.

2.   You were not invited to the party. I demand that you_______________ the house immediately.

3.   The workers at the factory are demanding that their wages ______________ increased



4.   She doesn't use her car very often, so I suggested that she ______________ it and use the money for something else.

5.   You have insulted me! I insist that you ________________

6.   The local council has proposed that a new shopping center ___________ built.

7.   What do you suggest I ___________ to the party? A dress?

8.   I didn't want her to come to the party, but Jack insisted that she _____________ invited


33.3   Tom is out of shape and his friends made some suggestions:

ANN: Why don't you give up smoking?
SANDRA: How about walkig to work in the morning?
BILL: Eat more fruit and vegetables
LINDA: Why don't you try jogging?

Write sentences beginning "(Ann) suggested . . . '' etc.
1.   Ann suggested that he give up smoking.

2.   Bill suggested that he _____________________________________________

3.   Sandra suggested __________________________________________________

4.   Linda ________________________________________________________________

Subjunctive ( I suggest you do )

Unit 33  Subjunctive (I suggest you do)

A.   Study this example:

Mary said to Pete, ''Why don't you buy some new clothes?''

Mary suggested (that) Pete buy some new clothes.

The subjunctive is always the same as the base form (I buy, he buy, she buy, etc.).

I/he/she/it      }
we/you/they  }        do buy/be, etc


B.   You can use the subjunctive after these verbs:
suggest                      propose                    recommend                    insist                          demand

• I suggest (that) you take a vacation.

• They insisted (that) we have dinner with them.

• I insisted (that) he have dinner with me.

• He demanded (that) she apologize to him.

• The doctor recommended (that) I rest for a few days.                        

You can use the subjunctive for the present, past, or future:

• I insist (that) you come with us.

• They insisted (that) I go with them.

Note the subjunctive be (usually passive):

• I insisted (that) something be done about the problem.

• The chairperson proposed (that) the plans be changed.

C.   Other structures are possible after insist and suggest:

• They insisted on my having dinner with them.

• It was a beautiful evening, so I suggested going for a walk.

You cannot use the infinitive after suggest:

• She suggested that he buy some new clothes. (not suggested him to buy)

• What do you suggest I do? (not suggest me to do)

D.   Should is sometimes used instead of the subjunctive.

• She suggested that he should buy some new clothes.

• The doctor recommended that I should rest for a few days.

Should Exercises

UNIT 32 Should Exercises

32.1   You are giving advice to a friend. Use should or shouldn't.

Example: Your friend is always coughing because he smokes too much. Advise him to stop smoking
You should stop smoking.

1.   Your friend has a bad toothache. Advise her to go to the dentist. You____________________________________________________

2.   Your friend rides his bicycle at night without lights. You think this is dangerous. Adyise him not to do it.  _____________________________________________________________________

3.   Your friend is going to visit Greece, Advise her to learn a few words of Greek before she goes. _______________________________________________________________________________


32.2   This time give your opinion about something. Use I think /I don't think . . . .

Example: Tom has just been offered a job. You think it would be a good idea for him to accept it.
I think Tom should accept the job.
1.   You think it would be a good idea for all drivers to wear seat belts.
I think _____________________________________________________________________

2.   You don't think it would be a good idea for Jill and Sam to get married.
______________________________________________________________________________

3.   Your friend has a bad cold. Tell him that you think it would be a good idea for him to stay home tonight.    ______________________________________________________________________________                    


32.3   Read the situations and write sentences with should (have) and shouldn't (have). Sometimes you have to use the present, sometimes the past.

Examples: The speed limit is 55 miles an hour, but Tom is doing 70 
He shouldn't be driving so fast.
When we got to the restaurant there were no empty tables. We hadn't reserved one.
we should have reserved a table

1.   It's very cold. Mrs. Taylor, who has been sick lately, is standing at the bus stop without a coat. She ___________________________________________________________

2.   We went for a walk. While we were walking we got hungry, but we hadn't brought anything with us to eat. We said: We __________________________________________________________

3.   I went to Paris. Marcel lives in Paris, but I didn't go to see him while I was there. When I saw him later, he said: You ___________________________________________________________

4.   The notice says that the store opens every day at 8:30. It is now 9:00, but the store isn't open.
__________________________________________________________________

5.   The driver in front of me stopped suddenly without warning, and I drove into the back of her car. It wasn't my fault. _________________________________________________________________________

6.   The children normally go to bed at 9:00. It is now 9:30. They are not in bed they are watching television. (two sentences)_________________________________________________________________________

7.   The accident happened because Tom was driving on the wrong side of the road.
______________________________________________________________________

Should

UNIT 32  Should

A.   Study this example:

Tom has just come back from the movies:

Ann: Hello, Tom. Did you enjoy the movie?
Tom: Yes, it was great. You should go and see it.

Tom is advising Ann to go and see the movie. "You should go" means that i would be a  good thing to do. We often use should (do) when we say what we think is a good thing to do or the right thing to do.

• The government should do something about the economy.

• "Should we invite Sue to the party?''  "Yes, I think we should''

"You shouldn't do something" means that it is not a good thing to do:

• You've been coughing a lot lately. You shouldn't smoke so much.

• Tom really shouldn't go out. He has too much homework to do.

Should is not as strong as must:

• You should stop smoking. (It would be a good idea.)

• You must stop smoking. (It is necessary that you stop.)                         

B.   We often use should when we ask for or give an opinion about something. Often we use I think/I don't think/do you think?:

• I think the government should do something about the economy.

• I don't think you should work so hard.

• "Do you think I should apply for this job?"   "Yes, I think you should''

C.   We also use should to say something is not "right" or not what we expect:

• The price on this package is wrong. It says 65 but it should be 50.

• Those children shouldn't be playing. They should be at school.

D.   For the past, we use should have (done) to say that someone did the wrong thing:

• The party was great. You should have come. Why didn't you?

• I feel sick. I shouldn't have eaten so much chocolate.

• She shouldn't have been listening to our conversation. It was private.

E.   We also use should to say that something will probably happen:

A: Do you think you'll be home late tonight?

B: I don't think so. I should be home at the usual time.

Here, "I should be home'' means "I will probably be home." You can use should to say what will probably happen.
 

F.   You can use ought to instead of should in the sentences:

• It's really a good movie. You ought to go and see it.

• She's been studying very hard, so she ought to pass the exam.

Have to and Must Exercises

UNIT 31 Have to and Must  Exercises

31.1   Complete these sentences with must or have to (in its correct form). Sometimes it is possible to use either; sometimes only have to ispossible.

Examples: Well, it's 10:00. I must (or have to). go now
                   Ann wasn't feeling well last night. She had to leave the party early.

1.   You really ______________ work harder if you want to pass that exam.

2.   Some children__________________wear uniforms when they go to school.

3.   Last night Don suddenly became ill. We__________________call the doctor.

4.   Ann has _________________ wear glasses since she was eight years old

5.   I'm afraid I can't come tomorrow. I_________________work late.

6.   I'm sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I _______________ work late.

7.   Tom  ______________ go away next week.

8.   We couldn't repair the car ourselves. We ________________ take it to a garage.

9.   When you come to Houston again, you _______________ come and see us


31.2   Make questions with have to.
Example: "Tom had to go to the police station.''
Why did he have to go to the palice station?

1.   ''Linda has to leave tomorrow.''   "What time exactly___________________________________________''

2.   "We had to answer a lot of questions on the exam.''  
''How many questions__________________________________________''

3.   "George had to pay a parking fine''   ''How much_______________________________________________''

4.   "I have to get up early tomorrow''   "Why______________________________________________________''                        

31.3   Make negative sentences with have to.

Example: ''Did they change planes?''
"No, it was a direct flight, so they didn't have to change planes.''

1.   "Did you pay to get into the concert?"
"No, we had free tickets, so we______________________________________________________''

2.   "Does Jack shave
"No, he has a beard, so ______________________________________________________________''

3.   "Did you get up early this morning?"
"No, it's my day off, so _________________________________________________________________''

4.   "Do you work?
No, I'm extremely rich, so ________________________________________________________''


31.4   Complete these sentences with mustn't or don't/doesn't have to.

Examples: I don't want anyone to know. You mustn't tell anyone what I said.
I don't have to wear a suit to work, but I usually do.

1.   I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I _______________________ work.

2.   Whatever you do, you________________________touch that switch. It's very dangerous.

3.   You ___________________ forget what I told you. It's very important.

4.   She ___________________ get up so early. She gets up early because she likes to

5.   We ____________________ leave yet. We've got plenty of time.



Answers

31.1

1- must.
2- have to.
3- had to.
4- had to.
5- have to.
6- had to.
7- must.
8- must.
9- must.

31.2

1- does she have to leave tomorrow?
2- do you have to answer?
3- did he have to pay?
4- do you have to get up early?

31.3

1- didn't have to pay the tickets.
2- he doesn't have to shave.
3- I didn't have to get up early.
4- I don't have to work.

31.4

1- don't have to.
2- mistn't.
3- don't have to.
4- doesn't have to.
5- musn't.

Have to and Must

UNIT 31  Have to and Must

A.   We use have to (do) and must (do) to say that it is necessary to do something:

oh, it's later than I  thought. I {have to} go now.
                                                       {must}

You  {have to} have a passport to visit most foreign countries.
           {must}

There is sometimes a difference between must and have to. With must the speaker is expressing personal feelings, saying what he or she thinks is necessary:

• I must write to Ann. I haven't written to her for ages. (= The speaker personally feel that he or she must write to Ann.)

•  The goverment really must do something about unemployment. (= The speaker personally feels that the government must do something.)

 With have to the speaker is not expressing feelings. The speaker is just giving facts. For example:

• Karen's eyes are not very good. She has to wear glasses for reading.

• I can't meet you on Friday. I have to work.                         

B.   You use must to talk only about the present and future:

• We must go now.

• Must you leave tomorrow?

Have to can be used in all forms. For example:

• I had to go to the hospital. (past)

• I might have to go to the hospital. (base form)

• Have you ever had to go to the hospital? (present perfect)

Note that we use do/does/did with have to in questions and negative sentences:

• What do I have to do to get a driver's license? (not "have I to do'')

• Why did you have to go to the hospital? (not "had you to go")

• Tom doesn't have to work on Saturdays. (not "hasn't to work")

C.   Mustn't and don't have to are completely different. "You mustn't do something" means "it is necessary that you do not do it":

• You mustn't tell anyone what I said. (= Don't tell anyone.)

• I promised I'd be on time. I mustn't be late. (= I must be on time.)

"You don't have to do something" means "it is not necessary to do it; you don't need to do it'':

• I don't have to wear a suit to work, but I usually do.

• She stayed in bed this morning because she didn't have to go to work.

D.   You can use "have got to" instead of "have to." So you can say

• I've got to work tomorrow or I have to work tomorrow.

Can, Could, May, and Would: request, permission, offers, and invitations Exercises

UNIT 30 Can, Could, May, and Would: request, permission, offers, and invitations  Exercises

30.1   Read the situation and write what you would say. Use the words given in parentheses ( . . . ).
Example: You've got a $20 bill, and you need some change. You ask somebody to help you.
 (Can you . . . ?)  Can you change a $20 bill?

1.   You want to borrow your friend's camera. What do you say to him/her? (Could I . . . ?)
___________________________________________________________________

2.   You have a car and you want to give somebody a lift. What do you say? (Can I . . . ?)
___________________________________________________________________

3.   You have to go to the airport, but you don't know how to get there. You ask a passerby.
(Could you . . . ?)________________________________________________________________________

4. You are telephoning the owner of an apartment that was advertised in a newspaper. You are interested in the apartment, and you want to stop by and see it today.  (Do you think I . . . ?)
___________________________________________________________________
 
5.   You are at meeting a with your boss. You want to smoke a cigarette. What do you ask (May I . . . ? ) _______________________________________________________________________

6.   You want to leave work early because you have some important things to do, What do you ask your boss? (Do you think I . . . ?) ___________________________________________________________________

7.   You want to invite someone to come and stay with you for the weekend. (Would you like . . . ? )
__________________________________________________________________
8.   The person in the next room has some music on very loud. How do you ask him politely to turn it down? (Do you think you . . . ?)                        


30.2    Decide how to say what you want to say.

Examples: You have to carry some heavy boxes upstairs. Ask someone to help you
Do you think you could give me a hand with these boxes?
A friend has just come to see you in your apartment. Offer him some coffee or tea.
Can get you some coffee or tea?
1.   You want your friend to show you how to change the film in your camera, what do you say to him/her? _________________________________________________________________________

2.   You are on a train. The woman next to you has finished reading her newspaper. Now you want to look at it. What do you say?_______________________________________________________________________________

3.   You need a match to light your cigarette. You don't have any, but the man sitting next to you has some. What do you ask him?_______________________________________________________________________

4.   There is a concert tonight and you are going with some friends. You think Mary would enjoy it too. Invite her. _______________________________________________________________________________________

5.   You're in the post office, You want three airmail stamps. What do you say?
_______________________________________________________________________________________

6.   You are sitting on a crowded bus. There is an old lady standing. Offer her your seat.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

7.   You are having a party next Saturday. Invite your friend Tim.
_______________________________________________________________________________________


Answers


30.1

1- Could I borrow your camera please?
2- Can I give you a lift?
3- Could you tell me how to get to the airport?
4- Do you think I could see the apartments today?
5- May I smoke?
6- Could I leave work early?
7- Would you like to come and stay with me for the weekend?
8- Do you think you could turn it the music down?


30.2

1- Could/Can  you show me how to change the film?
2- Do you think I could have a look? 
3- Do you think you could light my cigerette?
4- Would you like to come to the concert tonight?
5- May/Could/ Can I have three airmails stamps?
6- Would you like to sit down?
7- Would you like to come to the party next saturday?

Can, Could, May, and Would: requests, permission, offers, and invitations

UNIT 30  Can, Could, May, and Would: requests, permission, offers, and  invitations

A.   Asking people to do things (requests)

We often use can or could when we ask someone to do something:

Can you wait a moment, please?
Ann, can you do me a favor?
Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the bus station? 
Do you think you could lend me some money?
I wonder if you could help me.

We also use would to ask someone to do something:

Ann, would you do me a favor? 
Would you wait here, please?


B.   To ask for something you can say Can I have . . . ?/ Could I have . . . ?/ May I have . . . ?:

• (in a gift shop) Can I have these postcards, please?

• (at the dinner table) Could I have the salt, please?                         

C.   Asking for and giving permission
We often use can, could, or may to ask permission to do something:

• (on the telephone) Hello, can I speak to Tom, please?

• "Could I use your telephone?''  ''Yes, of course''

• "Do you think I could borrow your bicycle?''  ''Yes, help yourself''

• "May I come in?''   "Yes, please do."

To give permission, we use can or may (but not could):

• You can (or may) smoke if you like.

D.   We sometimes use can or may when we offer to do things. (May is more formal.):

• "Can I get you a cup of coffee?"   ''That's very nice of you''

• (in a store) "May I help you, ma'am?"   ''No thank you. I'm being helped''

E.   For offering and inviting we use Would you like . . . ? (not do you like)

• Would you like a cup of coffee? (not do you like)

• Would you like to go to the movies with us tomorrow evening? (not do you like to come)

I'd like (= I would like) is a polite way of saying what you want or what you want to do:

• I'd like some information about hotels, please.

• I'd like to try on this jacket, please.

May and Might (future) Exercises

UNIT 29  May and Might (future) Exercises

29.1   Talk about future plans. You are not sure what is going to happen. Use may or might.

Example: Where are you going on your vacation? (to Brazil???) 
I haven't decided yet, but I may (or might) go to Brazil.

1.   What kind of car are you going to buy? (a Toyota???)
I'm not sure yet, but I______________________________________________________

2.   What are you doing this weekend? (go skiing???)
I don't know for sure, but _________________________________________________________

3.   Where are you going to hang that picture? (in the dining room???)
I haven't made up my mind yet, but_______________________________________________________

4.   When is Tom coming to see us? (tomorrow evening???)
I'm not sure, but_________________________________________________________

5.   What's Jill going to do when she graduates? (go to a business college???)
She hasn't decided yet, but________________________________________________________________


29.2   Talk about possible happenings. Use the word(s) in parentheses ( . . . ) .
Examples: Do you think it will rain this afternoon? (may)  It may rain this afternoon.

Do you think Ann will come to the party? (might not)  she might not come the party.
1.   Do you think Bob will be late? (may) He__________________________________________________________

2.   Do you think Amy will be able to find our house? (might not) She__________________________________________________

3.   Do you think there'll be a rainstorm tonight? (might) There_____________________________________________________

4.   Do you think Tony will pass the exam (may not) ______________________________________________________________

5.   Do you think they'll be waiting for us when we arrive? (might)_____________________________________________________________

6.   Do you think it'll snow later? (may)______________________________________________________________


29.3   Read these situations and make sentences with may/might as well.

Example: A friend has invited you to a party. You're not very excited about going, but there isn't anything else to do. So you think you should go.
You say: I might as well go. There isn't anything else to do.

1.   You're in a coffee shop with a friend. You've just finished your coffee. You're not in a hurry, so you think you should both have another cup
You say: We_____________________________________________ Are you ready for one?

2.   Someone has given you a free ticket to a concert. You're not very interested in the concert, but you think you should go because you have a free ticket.
You say: I____________________________________________________ It's a shame to waste a free ticket.

3.   You invited some friends to dinner, but they haven't come. The dinner has been ready for half an hour and you think you should begin without them.
You say: We__________________________________________________I don't think they are coming.

May and Might (future)

UNIT 29  May and Might (future)

A.   We use may or might to talk about possible happenings or possible actions in the future. Study these examples:

• I'm not sure where to go on my vacation, but I may go to Puerto Rico. (= perhaps I will go)

•  The weather forecast is not very good. It might rain this afternoon. (= perhaps it will rain)

• l can't help you. Why don't you ask Tom? He might be able to help you. (= perhaps he will be able to help)

The negative form is may not or might not:

• Ann may not come to the party tonight. She isn't feeling well. (= perhaps she won't come)

• There might not be a meeting on Friday because the director is sick. (= perhaps there won't be a meeting)

It doesn't matter whether you use may or might. You can say:

• I may go to Italy.    or     I might go to Italy

B.   There is also a continuous form: may/might be doing. Compare this with will be doing:

• Don't call at 8:30. I'll be watching the football game on TV.

• Don't call at 8:30. I may (or might) be watching the football game on TV. (= perhaps I'll be in the middle of watching it)

You can also use the continuous (may/might be doing) when you are talking about possible
plans. Compare:

• I'm going to Puerto Rico in July. (for sure)

• I may (or might) be going to Rico in July. (it's possible)

But you can also say: I may/might go to Puerto Rico


C.   May as well, might as well

Study this example:

A:   What do you want to do this evening?

B:   I don't know. Any ideas?

A:   Well, there's a movie on television. It sounds interesting.

B:   We might as well watch it. There's nothing else to do.

We use may/might as well to say that we should do something, but only because there is no reason not to do it and because there is nothing better to do. We might as well watch it means, "Why not watch it? There's nothing better to do.''

• You'll have to wait an hour for the next bus, so you might as well walk

• We may as well go to the party. We have nothing else to do.

• ''Should we have dinner now?''   ''We might as well.''

May (have) and Might (have) Exercises

UNIT 28   May (have) and Might (have) Exercises

28.1   Make sentences with may or might. The first four sentences are present.

Examples:  ''Do you know if Jack is in his office?"     ''I'm not sure. He may be in his office.''
                    "Do you know if Joan likes ice cream?''    ''I'm not sure. She might like ice eream."


1.   "Do you know if they are married?''   "I'm not sure. They____________________________________

2.   "Do you know if she wants to go?''   ''I'm not sure_______________________________________

3.   "Do you know if he's telling the truth''   "I'm___________________________________________________

4.   "Do you know if he has a car?" "I_________________________________________________________


The next three sentences are past.
Examples: ''Do you know if he was serious?''  "I'm not sure. He might have been serious''
                   ''Do you know if they were looking?''   "Im not sure. They may have been looking''

5.   "Do you know if she was sick?"  "I'm not sure. She________________________________________________

6.   "Do you know if she told anybody?''  "I_________________________________________________________________

7.   "Do you know if they were listening''  ''__________________________________________________________________

Use may not or might not.

Example: "Is Jack in his office?"  "I'm not sure. He might not be in his office.''

8.   "Does she want to go?"  ''____________________________________________________________________''

9.   ''Is he telling the truth?"  ''_____________________________________________________________________''

10.   "Are they ready?''  ''________________________________________________________________________''


28.2   Write sentences to explain each situation. Use the words in parentheses ( . . . ) to make your sentences.

Example:  I can't find George anywhere. I wonder where he is.

a) (he might/go/shopping) He might have gone shopping.

b) (he could/play/tennis)  He could be playing tennis.


1.   Look! Sue's going out. I wonder where she's going.

a) (she may/go/to the theater)  _________________________________________________

b) (she could/go/to a party)  ___________________________________________________

2.   Why didn't Tom answer the doorbell? I'm sure he was in the house at the time.

a) (he may/go/to bed early)  __________________________________________________

b) (he might not/hear/the bell)  __________________________________________________

3.   How do you think the fire started?

a) (someone may/drop/a cigarette)  _______________________________________________

b) (it could be/a short circuit)  ___________________________________________________

4.   I wonder where Liz was going when you saw her.

a) (she might/go/to work)  ___________________________________________________________

b) (she may/go/shopping)  _________________________________________________________

5.   George didn't come to the party. I wonder why not.

a) (he might/have/to go somewhere else)  _____________________________________________

b) (he may not/know/about it)  ______________________________________________________




Answers

28.1

1- may be married.

2- She may want to go.

3- not sure. He might be telling the truth.

4- 'm not sure. He may have a car

5- may have been sick.

6- 'm not sure. She might have told somebody.

7- I'm not sure. They may have been listening

8- I'm not sure. She might not want to go.

9- I'm not sure. He might not be telling the truth.

10- I'm notsure. They may not be ready.


28.2

1- a) She may have gone to the theater.
b) She could have gone to the party.

2- a) He may have gone to bed early.
b) He might not have heard the bell.

3- a) Someone may have dropped a cigarette.
b) It could have been a short circuit.

4- a) She might have been going to work.
b) She may have been going shopping.

5- a) He might have had to go somewhere else.
b) He may not have know about it.

May(have) and Might(have)

UNIT 28   May (have) and might (have)

A.   Study this example situation:
You are looking for Jack. Nobody knows for sure where he is, but you get some suggestions:

• He may be in his office. (= perhaps he is in his office)

• He might be having lunch. (= perhaps he is having lunch

• Ask Ann. She might know. (= perhaps Ann knows)

We use may or might to say that something is possible. You can say:

He may be in his office. or He might be in his office.

The negative is may not and might not:

• Jack might not be in his office. (= perhaps he isn't in his office)

•  I'm not sure whether I can lend you any money. I may not have enough. (= perhaps I don't have enough)

Study the structure:

                                                           {be in his office.
I/you/he (etc.) {may}       (not)   {be having/waiting, etc.
                            {might}                 {know/have/do, etc.
                                                                      

B.   To say what was possible in the past, we use may have (done) and might have (done):

• A:   I wonder why Ann didn't answer the doorbell.

           B:   Well, I suppose she may have been sleep. (= perhaps she was asleep)

• A:   Why didn't he say hello when he passed us on the street?

           B:   He might have been daydreaming. (= perhaps he was daydreaming)

• A:   I can't find my bag anywhere.

          B:   You might have left it in the store. (= perhaps you left it)

• A:   I wonder why Jill didn't come to the meeting. 

           B:   She might not have known about it (= perhaps she didn't know)


Study the structure:

                                                                            {been asleep
I/you/he (etc.) {may}          (not) have       {been daydreaming/ waiting, etc
                           {might}                                  {known/left/had, etc

                                                                      
C.   You can use could instead of may or might. But with could the possibility is smaller:

• "Where's Jack?"     ''I'm not sure. He could be in his office, I suppose, but he's not usually there at this time.''

Must (have) and Can't (have) Exercises

UNIT 27   Must (have) and Can't (have)  Exercises

27.1   Complete these sentences using must (have) . . . , couldn't (have) . . . , or can't (have) . . . .

Examples: "Is he American?"     "Yes, he must be American.''
                   "Did she see you?"    ''No, she can't have seen me.''

1.   "Are they married?''  ''Yes, they must______________________________''

2.   ''Is he serious?"    ''No, he can't_______________________________''

3.   ''Were they in a hurry?''    "Yes, they_________________________________________''

4.   "Does Ann know a lot of people?''   ''Yes, she_____________________________________________''

5.   ''Did Tom know about the plan?''    ''Yes, he__________________________________________''

6.   ''Do they have much money''    "No, they___________________________________________''

7.   ''Was she driving carefully?''    "No, she___________________________________________''

8.   ''Are they waiting for somebody?''    ''Yes, they__________________________________________''


27.2   Complete these sentences with must or can't + an appropriate verb.

Example: You've been traveling all day. You must be very tired.

1.   Brian has three houses, six cars, a yacht, and a helicopter. He___________________a lot of money.

2.   (The doorbell rings.) Iwonder who that is. It_________________be. Jim. He said he would come after 7:00 and it's only 6:30 now.

3.   I wonder why Sue isn't at work today. She___________________sick.

4.   John seems to know a lot about history. He____________________a lot of books.

5.   Jane's putting on her hat and coat. She__________________out.                        


27.3   Read each situation and write a sentence with must have or can't have. Use the words in parentheses ( . . . ).
Example: The phone rang but I didn't hear it. (I must be asleep)
I must have been asleep.
1.   That dress you bought is very good quality. (it must/be/very expensive)
It must_______________________________________________________

2.   I haven't seen Jim for ages. (he must/go/away) He________________________________________

3.   I wonder where my umbrella is. (you must/leave/it on the bus)
_________________________________________________________________________________

4.   Don passed the exam. He didn't study very much for it. (the exam can't/be/very difficult)
_________________________________________________________________________________

5.   She knew everything about our plans. (she must/listen/to our conversation)
_________________________________________________________________________________

6.   Dennis did the opposite of what I asked him to do. (he can't/understand/what I said)
_________________________________________________________________________________

7.   When I woke up this morning, the light was on. (I must/forget/to turn it off)
_________________________________________________________________________________

8.   I don't understand how the accident happened. (the driver can't/see/the red light)
_________________________________________________________________________________



Answers

27.1

1- be married.
2- be serious.
3- must have been in a hurry.
4- must know a lot of people.
5- must have known about it.
6- can't have much money.
7- can't have been driven carefully.
8- must be waiting for somebody.

27.2

1- must have.
2- can't be.
3- must be.
4- must read.
5- must be

27.3

1- have been very expensive.
2- must have gone away.
3- You must have left it on the bus.
4- The exam can't have been very difficult.
5- She must have been listened to our conversation.
6- He can't have understood what i said.
7- The driver can't have sseen the red light. 

Must (have) and Can't (have)

UNIT 27 Must (have) and can't (have)

A.   Study this example situation:

Liz is a very good player, and not many players beat her. But yesterday she played against Bill and Bill won. So:

Bill must be a very good player (otherwise he wouldn't have won)


We use must to say we are sure that something is true:

• You've been traveling all day. You must be tired. (= I sure that you are am tired.)

• I hear that your exams are next week. You must be studying very hard right now. (= I am sure that you are studying.)

• Carol knows a lot about films. She must like to go to the movies. (= I am sure she likes to go to the movies.)

We use can't to say that think something is impossible:

• You just had dinner. You can't be hungry already. (= It is impossible that you are hungry.)

• Tom said that he would be here ten minutes ago, and he is never late. He can't be coming.                        

Study the structure:

                                                be tired/hungry, etc.                                                                              I/you/he (etc.) {must}       be studying/ waiting/coming, etc.
                            {can't}       know/like, etc.    
                                              
 
B.   For the past we use must have (done) and can't have (done). Study this example:
We went to Roy's house last night and rang the doorbell. There was no answer.
He must have gone out (otherwise he would have answered).

• The phone rang, but I didn't hear it. I must have been asleep

• I made a lot of noise when I came home. You must have heard me.

• She passed me on the street without speaking. She can't have seen me.

• Tom walked into the wall. He can't have been looking where he was going.

Study the structure:

                            {must}               {been asleep/tired, etc.
I/you/he (etc.) {         }    have   {been looking/waiting, etc
                            {can't}                {gone/done/seen/heard, etc.


"couldn't have (done)" is possible instead of "can't have (done)":

• She couldn't have seen me.

• He couldn't have been looking where he was going.

Could ( do ) and Could have ( done ) Exercises

UNIT 26   Could ( do ) and Could have ( have ) Exercises

26.1   Make suggestions. Use could.

Example: Where should we go for our vacation? (Mexico) We could go to Mexico.
1.   What should we have for dinner tonight? (fish) ______________________________________

2.   When should we go and see Tom? (on Friday) _______________________________________

3.   What should I give Ann for her birthday? (a book) _______________________________________


26.2   Use could have. Answer the questions in the way shown.
Example: "Did you go to the movies?"
No. We could have gone to the movies, but we decided not to,

1.   ''Did you go to the concert last night?''            "No. We________________________________________________

2.   "Did John take the exam?''        "No. He________________________________________________________

3.   "Did you buy a new car?''         ''No. I__________________________________________________________


26.3   Write sentences with could or could have.

Examples: She doesn't want to stay with Linda. But she could stay with Linda.
                   She didn't want to stay with Linda. But she could have stayed with Linda.

1.   He didn't want to help us.    But he_____________________________________________

2.   He doesn't want to help us.   But_________________________________________________

3.   They don't want to lend any money.    But___________________________________________________

4.   She didn't want to have anything to eat.      _______________________________________________________


26.4   First read this information about Ken:

Ken doesn't know any Spanish.                                            Ken doesn't know anything about machines.
Ken is very rich and generous.                                                                       Ken can't drive.
Ken was free on Monday afternoon.                                                  Ken was sick on Friday night.

A lot of people wanted Ken to do different things last week, but they couldn't contact him. So he didn't do any of these things. Say whether he could have done or couldn't have done these things (if he had known).
Example: His aunt wanted him to drive her to the station.
He coudn't have driven her the station (because he can't drive.)

1.   Ann wanted him to come to a party on Friday night.
He________________________________________because__________________________________________

2.   Jim wanted him to play tennis on Monday afternoon.
He____________________________________________________________________________________________

3.   Sue wanted him to translate a Spanish newspaper article into English.
____________________________________________because__________________________________________

5.   Jack wanted Ken to lend him $20._______________________________________________________________

4.   Ken's mother wanted him to fix her washing machine.
____________________________________________because__________________________________________























Answers

26.1

1- We could have fish.

2- We could go and see on Monday.

3- You could give her a book.

26.2

1- could have gone there but we decided not to.

2- could have taken it but he decided not to.

3- could have bought a new car but i decided no to.

26.3

1- could have helped us.

2- he could help us.

3- they could lend us some.

4- But she could have had something to eat.

26.4

1- couldn't have come to a party because he was sick.

2- could have played tennis on Monday afternoon because he was free.

3- He couldn't have traslated it because he doesn't know any spanish.

4- He could have lent Jack $20 because he is very rich and generous.

5- He couldn't have fixed it beause he doesn't know anything about machines.

Could( do ) and Could have ( done )

UNIT 26   Could (do) and could have (done)

A.   Study this example:

Dan: What do you want to do this evening?
Sue: We could go to the movies.

We use could (do) in a number of ways. Sometimes it is the past of can (do), but sometimes it has a present or future meaning. For example, we sometimes use could to talk about possible future actions, especially when we make suggestions:

"When you go to New York, you could stay with Linda.''

Can is also possible in these sentences. ("We can go to the movies.'')
Could is more unsure than can.                        


We also use could to talk about possible future happenings:

• There could be another rise in the price of gas soon. (= It is possible that there will be)

Sometimes could means would be able to:

• Why doesn't Tom apply for the job? He could get it.

• I don't know how she works 14 hours a day. I couldn't do it.

B.   The past of could (do) is could have (done). We use could have (done) to say that we had the ability or the opportunity to do something but did not do it:

• We didn't go out last night. We could have gone to the movies, but we decided to stay home. (we had the opportunity to go out, but we didn't.)

• Why did you stay at a hotel in New York? You could have stayed with Linda. (You had the opportunity to stay with her but you didn't.)

• Why didn't Tom apply for the job? He could have gotten it. (He had the ability to get it.)

We also use could have (done) to say something was a possibility but didn't happen:

• He was lucky when he fell off the ladder. He could have hurt himself.

C.   Here are some examples of couldn't have (done). "I couldn't have done something" = I wouldn't have been able to do it if I had wanted or tried to do it:

• When I went to New York last year, I decided not to stay with Linda. Later I found out that she was away while I was there, so I couldn't have stayed with her anyway.

• The hockey game was canceled last week. Tom couldn't have played anyway because he was sick.

Can, Could and Be able to Exercises

UNIT 25 Can, Could and Be able to Exercises.

25.1   Use can or be able to. Sometimes it is possible to use either, sometimes only be able to
is possible.

Examples: George has traveled a lot. He can or (is able to) speak four languages.
                   I haven't been able to sleep very well lately.

1.   Tom_________________________________drive, but he doesn't have a car.

2.   I can't understand Martin. I've never___________________________________understand him.

3.   I used to______________________________________stand on my head, but I can't do it now.

4.   Ask Ann about your problem. She should________________________________help you.


25.2   Complete the sentence with could . . .

Example: I can't sing now, but I could sing very well when I was a child.

1.   He can't play tennis very well now, but he__________________________fairly well when he was younger.

2.   She can't run very fast now, but when she was in school she__________________________faster than anyone else.

3.   I can't swim very far these days, but ten years ago I____________________________ from one side of the lake to the other.                        


25.3   Answer the questions with was/were able to
Example: Did you persuade them?
                  Yes. It was difficult, but we were able to persuade them.

1.   Did they find your house?

Yes. It took them a long time, but they_________________________________________________

2.   Did you win the match?

 It wasn't easy, but I______________________________________________

3.   Did the thief escape?

Yes. The police officer chased the thief, but he_______________________________________


25.4   Complete each sentence with could, was/were able to, or couldn't.

Examples: My grandfather was very clever. He could (or was able to) speak five languages.
                    I looked everywhere for the book, but I couldn't find it.
                   The fire spread quickly, but everyone was able to escape.

1.   He had hurt his leg, so he_________________________________walk very well

2.   She wasn't at home when I called, but I___________________________contact her at her office

3.   I looked very carefully, and I _______________________see a figure in the distance

4.   They didn't have any tomatoes in the first store I went to, but I___________________________get some in the next store.

5.   My grandmother loved music. She_______________________________play the piano very well.

6.   The boy fell into the river, but fortunately we_______________________________rescue him.

Can, Could, and Be able to

UNIT 25  Can, Could, and Be able to

A.   We use can (do) to say that something is possible or that someone has the ability to do something. The negative is can't (cannot).

• You can see the ocean from our bedroom window.

• Can you speak any foreign languages?

• I'm afraid I can't come to your party next Friday.

Be able to is possible instead of can, but can is more usual.

• Are you able to speak any foreign languages?

But can has only two forms: can (present) and could (past). So sometimes you have to use be able to:

• I haven't been able to sleep recently. (can has no present perfect)

• Sue might not be able to come tomorrow. (can has no infinitive)

• I'm very busy today, but I should be able to meet with you tomorrow.

B.   Could and was able to

Sometimes could is the past of can. We use could especially with these verbs:  

see                hear                smell              taste              feel                  remember              understand

• When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.

• She spoke in a low voice, but I could understand what she was saying.

We also use could to say that someone had the general ability to do something:

• My grandfather could speak five languages.

• When Joe was 16, he could run 100 meters in 11 seconds.

But if you mean that someone managed to do something in one particular situation, you have to use was/were able to (not could):

The fire spread through the building very quickly, but everyone was able (=managed) to escape. (not could escape)

They didn't want to come with us at first, but finally we were able (=managed) to persuade them.
(not could persuade)

Compare could and was able to in this example:

• Jack was an excellent tennis player. He could beat anybody. (=He had the ability to beat anybody.)

• But once he had a difficult game against Bob. Bob played very well, but in the end Jack was able to beat him. (=He managed to beat him in this particular game.)

The negative couldn't is possible in all situations:

• My grandfather couldn't swim.

• We tried hard but we couldn't persuade them to come with us.

Used to ( I used to do ) Exercises

UNIT 24 Exercises

24.1    Complete each sentence with used to . . .

Example: Dennis doesn't smoke anymore, but he used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day.

1.    The baby doesn't cry so much now, but she_________________________every night.

2.    She________________________my best friend, but we aren't friends anymore.

3.    We live in Barcelona now, but we__________________________in Madrid.

4.    Now there's only one cafe in the village, but there _____________________three.
 
5.    When I was a child I_________________________ice cream, but I don't like it now.

6. Now Tom has a car. He________________________a motorcycle.


24.2    Write some sentences about a man who changed his lifestyle. Ron stopped doing some things and started doing other things.


                       {   running three miles every morning
He stopped   {   studying hard
                       {   going to bed early


                      {   spending a lot of money
He started   {   staying out late
                      {   smoking


Make sentences like these:

Examples:  He used to study hard.

                    He never used to smoke, or He didn't use to smoke.


1.  __________________________________________________________________________________

2.  __________________________________________________________________________________

3.  __________________________________________________________________________________

4.  __________________________________________________________________________________


24.3   Write sentences about the present. Remember there is no present tense of used to.

Examples: Ron used to study hard, but now he doesn't study very hard
                   Ron didn't use to smoke, but now he smokes

1.   Mark used to play tennis a lot, but now__________________________________________________________

2.   Mary never used to drink coffee, but now________________________________________________________

3.   Jill didn't use be fat, but now__________________________________________________________________

4.   Jack didn't use to go out much, but now________________________________________________________

24.4   Ask some questions. Mr. Park is an old man now. You are asking someone what he used to do when he was younger.

Example: I know he doesn't smoke now, but did he use to smoke?

1.   I know he doesn't play the piano now, but_____________________________________?

2.   I know he isn't very rich now,but____________________________________________?

3.   I know he doesn't go out very often these days, but_____________________________________________?

4.   I know he doesn't dance these days, but_____________________________________________________?

5.   I know he doesn't have many friends now, but__________________________________________________?




















Answers




 
24.1

1- used to cry.

2- used to be.

3- used to live.

4- used to be.

5- used to eat.

6- used to have.

24.2

1- he used to go to bed early.

2- he used run three miles every morning.

3- he didn't use to stay out late.

4- he didn't use to spend a lot of money

24.3

1- he doesn't play tennis a lot

2- she doesn't drinks coffee

3- he is fat

4- he goes out a lot

24.4

1- did he use to play the play?

2- did he use to be rich?

3- did he use to go out?

4- did he use to dance?

5- did he use to have many friends?  

Used to ( I used to do )

UNIT 24 Used to (I used to do)

A.   Study this example situation:

This is Dennis. He gave up smoking two years ago. He no longer smokes.

But he used to smoke. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day.

He used to smoke means that he smoked regularly for some time in the past, but he doesn't smoke now.

We use used to with the base form (used to do /used to smoke, etc.) to say that something happened regularly in the past but no longer happens:

• I used to play tennis a lot, but now I'm too lazy.

• "Do you go to the movies very often?''         ''Not now, but I used to.''

• Sue used to travel a lot. These days she doesn't go away very often.

We also use used to for past situations (that no longer exist):

• We used to live in a small village, but now we live in Milan.

• This building is now a furniture store. It used to be a movie theater.

• Do you see that hill over there? There used to be a castle on that hill.

• I've started drinking tea lately. I never used to like it before.

• Ann used to have long hair, but she cut it some time ago.                           

B.   Used to + base form is always past. There is no present. You cannot say ''I use to do." For the present, use the simple present (I do). Compare the present and past:

past                       he used to smoke                    we used to live                         there used to be

present                 he smokes                                 we live                                         there is



C.   The normal question form is did . . . use to . . . ?

• Did you use to eat a lot of candy when you were a child?

The negative form is didn't use to . . . (or never used to)

• Jim didn't use to go out very often until he met Jill. (or never used to go out)

D.   Be careful not to confuse I used to do and I am used to doing. The structures
and meanings are different:

• I used to live alone. (= I lived alone but I no longer live alone.)

• I am used to living alone (= I live alone and don't find it strange or new because I've been living alone for some time.)