Past Continuous ( I was doing )

UNIT 12

A.  Study this example situation:
Yesterday Dave and Jim played tennis. They began at 10:00 and finished at 11:00.

What were they doing at 10:30?
They were playing tennis (at 10:30).

"They were playing" means that they were in the middle of playing tennis. They had started playing, but they hadn't finished.

This is the past continuous tense:

I/he/she                  was     }    playing
we/they/you         were    }    playing
 

We use the past continuous to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at
a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadn't finished:

• This time last year I was living in Brazil.

• What were you doing at last night?

B.  The past continuous not tell us whether an action was finished or not. Perhaps it was finished, perhaps not. Compare:

• Dan was cooking dinner. (past continuous) = He was in the middle of cooking dinner and we don't know whether he finished cooking it.

• Dan cooked dinner. (simple past) He began and finished it.

C.  We often use the past continuous (I was doing) and the simple past (I did) together to say that something happened in the middle of something else:

• Dan burned his hand while he was cooking dinner.

• I saw Jim in the park. He was sitting on the grass and reading a book.

• It was raining when I got up.

• While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.

But to say that one thing happened after another, use the simple past.

• Last night Sue was taking when the phone rang. She got out of the bathtub and answered the phone.

Compare:

• When Helen arrived, we were having dinner. (past continuous)= We had already started dinner before Helen arrived.

• When Helen arrived, we had dinner. (simple past)= Helen arrived and then we had dinner.

UNIT 11 Simple past Exercises

UNIT 11 Exercises

11.1  Read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence about the past.

Example: Carol usually gets up at 7:30. Yesterday she got up at 7:30.

1. Carol usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning___________________________________________

2. Carol usually walks to work. Yesterday______________________________________________

3. Carol is usually late for work. Yesterday______________________________________________

4. Carol usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday___________________________________________

5. Carol usually goes out in the even. Yesterday evening____________________________________________

6. Carol usually sleeps very well. Last night______________________________________________

11.2  Put one of these verbs in each sentence:

hurt          teach           spend           sell           throw         fall          catch           buy          cost

Example: I was hungry, so I bought something to eat at the store.

1. Tom's father_____________ him how to drive when he was 17.

2. Daniel_________________down the stairs this morning and his leg.

3. We needed some money, so we_______________our car

4. Anne_______________a lot of money yesterday. She_____________a dress that $80.

5. Jim_____________the ball to Sue, who_____________it.



11.3   Write questions. A friend has just come back from vacation and you are asking about it.

Examples where/go?  Where did you go?
                  food/good? Was the food good?

1. how long /stay there?__________________________________________________

2. stay in a hotel?_________________________________________________

3. go alone?_______________________________________________

4. how/travel?__________________________________________________

5. the weather/nice?__________________________________________________

6. what/do in the evenings?__________________________________________________

7. meet any interesting people?____________________________________________________

11.4   Put the verb into the correct form. Use the simple past.

Example: I didn't go(not/go) to work yesterday because I wasn't (not/be) well.

1. Tom________________(not/shave) this morning because he_______________(not/have) time.

2. We_________________(not/eat) anything because we______________(not/be) hungry.

3.  I__________________(not rush) because I________________(not/be) in a hurry.

4. She________________(not/be) interested in the book because she_________________(not/understand) it.

Simple past ( I did )

UNIT 11 Simple past (I did)

Study this example:

Tom: Look! It's raining again.
Ann: Oh no, not again. It rained all day yesterday too.

Rained is the simple past tense. We use the simple past to talk about actions or situations in the past.

• I enjoyed the party very much.

• Mr. Brown died ten years ago.

• When I lived in Athens, I worked in a bank.

Very often the simple past ends in -ed:

• We invited them to our party, but they decided not to come.

• The police stopped me on my way home last night.

• She passed her exam because she studied very hard.

But many important verbs are irregular. This means that the simple past does not end in -ed:
 
leave---->left           We all left the party at 11:00.

go---->went              Last month I went to Rome to see a friend of mine.

cost---->cost            This house cost $75,000 in 1980.


The past of the verb be (am/is/are) is was/were:

  I/he/she/it was                               we/you/they were
I was angry because                      Tom and Ann were late.

In simple past questions and negatives we use did/didn't  + the base form (do/open, etc.)

it rained                    did it rain?                  it didn't rain

Ann: Did you go out last night, Tom?
Tom: Yes, I went to the movies. But I didn't enjoy it.

• When did Mrs. Johnson die 

• What did you do over the weekend?

• We didn't invite her to the party, so she didn't come.

• Why didn't you call me on Tuesday?

Note that we normally use did/didn't with have:

• Did you have time to write the letter?

• I didn't have enough money to buy anything to eat.

But we do not use did with the verb be (was/were)

• Why were you so angry?

• Was Mark at work yesterday?

• They weren't able to come because they were very busy.

Will be doing and will have done (exercises)

UNIT 10 exercises

10.1  Make sentences with will be -ing.

Example: I'm going to watch televesion from 9 until 10 o'clock this evening.
so at 9.30 I will be watching  televesion.

1.  Tomorrow afternoon I'm going to play tennis from 3:00 to 4:30. So at 4:00 tomorrow
I______________________________________________________________________________

2.  Jim is going to study from 7:00 until 10:00 this evening. So at 8:30 this evening.
He____________________________________________________________________________

3.  We are going to clean the apartment tomorrow. It will take from 9 until 11 o'clock. So at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning.___________________________________________________________________


10.2  Write three sentences, one each about the past, present, and future. Bob always reads the
newspaper in the morning. It always takes him half an hour, from 8:00 until 8:30. So:

1. At 8:15 yesterday morning Bob____________________________________________________________

2. It's 8:15 now. He_________________________________________________________

3. At 8:15 tomorrow morning he____________________________________________________________


10.3 Ask questions with Will you be -ing?

Example: You want to borrow your friend's bicycle this evening. (you use/your bicycle this evening?) will you be using your bicycle this evening?

1.  You want your friend to give Jean a message this afternoon.
(you see Jean this afternoon?)__________________________________________________________________

2.  You want to use your friend's typewriter tomorrow evening.
(you /use your typewriter tomorrow evening?)____________________________________________________________

3.  Your friend is going shopping. You want him/her to buy some stamps for you at the post office. (you pass the post office while you're downtown?)__________________________________________________________


10.4  Use will have done.

Example: Tom and Ann are going to the movies. The movie begins at 7:30, and it is already
7:20. It will take them 20 minutes to get there. When they get there, (the film/already/start)
The film will have already started.

1.  Jim always goes to bed at 11:00. Peter is going to visit him at 11:30 this evening. When Peter arrives, (Jim/go/ to bed)_____________________________________________________________________

2.  Tom is on vacation. He has very little money and he is spending too much too quickly. Before the end of his vacation, (he/spend/all his money)____________________________________________________


3.  Sue went to Canada from the U.S. almost three years ago. Next Monday
it will be exactly three years since she arrived. Next Monday (she/be/in Canada /exactly three years)________________________________________________________________

UNIT 10 Will be doing and will have done

UNIT 10

First study this example situation:

Tom is a football fan, and there is a football game on television this evening. The game begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:15. Ann wants to go and see Tom this evening and wants to know what time to come over:

Ann: Is it all right if I come over at about 8:30?
Tom: No, don't come then. I'll be watching the game on TV.
Ann: Oh Well, what about 9:30?
Tom: Yes, that'll be fine. The game will have ended by then.


We use will be doing (future continuous) to say that we will be in the middle of doing something at a certain time in the future. The football game begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:15. So during this time, for example at 8:30, Tom will be watching the match.

Here are some more examples:

• You'll recognize her when you see her. She'll be wearing a yellow hat.
• This time next week I'll be on vacation. I'll probably be lying on a beautiful beach.

Compare will be doing with the other continuous forms:

Bill works every morning from 9 o'clock until noon. So:

• At 10 o'clock yesterday he was working. (past continuous)

• It's 10 o'clock now. He is working. (present continuous)

• At 10 o'clock tomorrow he will be working.

You can also use will be doing in another way: to talk about things that are already planned or decided:

• I'll be going downtown later. Can I get you anything?

With this meaning will be doing is similar to am doing:

• I'm going downtown later.

We often use will (you) be -ing? to ask about people's plans, especially when we want something or want to do something:

''Will you be using your bicycle this evening?"      ''No, you can take it.''
"will you be passing the post office when you go out?''    ''Yes, why?''

We use will have done (future perfect) to say that something will already have happened before a certain time in the future. Tom's football game ends 9:15.  So after this time, for example at 9:30, the game will have ended.   Here some more examples:

• Next year is Ted and Amy's 25th wedding anniversary. They will have been married for 25 years (Now they have been married for 24 years.)

• We're late, I guess the movie will already have started by the time we get to the theater.

UNIT 9 WHEN and IF sentences exercises

UNIT 9 Exercises

9.1  All the sentences in this exercise are about the future. Put the verbs into the correct form: the
future will/won't or the simple present (I do).

Example: When I___see___(see) Tom tonight,___I'll invite___(invite) him to our party.

1. Before you____________________(leave), don't forget to shut the windows.

2. I____________________(call) you as soon as I_____________________(arrive) in Tokyo.

3. Please don't touch anything before the police______________________(come).

4. Everyone____________________(be) very surprised if he____________________(pass) the exam.

5. When you_____________________(see) Brian again, you_____________________(not/recognize) him.

6. We____________________(not/start) dinner until Karen______________________(arrive).

7. _____________________(you/be) lonely without me while I____________________(be) away?

8. If I____________________(need) any help, I___________________(ask) you.

9. Come on! Hurry up! Ann___________________(be) annoyed if we___________________(be) late.

9.2  Make one sentence from two sentences.

Example: You are going to leave soon. You must visit the museum before that.
__you must visit the museum__before_you leave.

1. I'll find somewhere to live. Then I'll give you my address.
I_________________________________when_______________________________

2. It's going to start raining. Let's go out before that.
Let's___________________________before_______________________________

3. I'm going to do the shopping. Then I'll come straight home
_____________________________________after_____________________________

4. You'll be in Washington next month. You must come and see me then.
_____________________________________________when_________________________________

5. I'm going to finish reading this book. Then I'll get the dinner ready.
______________________________________________when______________________________

6. We'll make our decision. Then we'll let you know.
________________________________as soon as___________________________

9.3  Fill in when or if.

Example:  If _it rains this evening, I won't go out.

1. I'm sorry you've decided to go away. I'll be very sad_________you leave.

2. Tom might call this evening.   __________he does, can you take a message?

3. I think he'll get the job. I'll be very surprised _________ he doesn't get it.

4. I hope to be there by 10:30.  But  _________ I'm not there, don't wait for me.

5. I'm going shopping. __________ you want anything, I can get it for you. 

6. I think I'll go home now. I'm feeling very tired. I think I'll go right to bed ________ I get home.

7. I'm going away for a few days. I'll call you _________ I get back.

8. I want you to come to the party but __________ you don't want to come, you don't have to.

UNIT 9 When and If sentences (When I do. . . If I do. . . )

UNIT 9

A.   Study this example: 

A: What time will you call 
B: I'll call you when I get home from work. 

"I'll call you when I get home from work" is a sentence with two parts: "I'll call you" (the main part) and "when I get home from work" (the when part). The sentence is future (tonight), but you cannot use will or going to in the when part of the sentence. Instead we use a present tense, usually simple present (I do).

•  I can't talk to you now. I'll talk to you later when I have more time. (not when I'll have) 

• When the rain stops, we'll go out. (not when the rain will stop) 

The same thing happens after: 

while         after           before            until/till              as soon as

• Can you take care of the children while I am out? (not will be)

• Before you leave, you must visit the museum. (not will leave)

• Wait here until I come back. (not will come) 

B.   You can also use the present perfect (I have done) after when/after/until, :etc., to show that the first action will be finished before the second:

• After I've read this book, you can have it. 

• Don't say anything while Tom is here. Wait until he has gone. 

It is often possible to use either the simple present or the present perfect: 

• I'll come as soon as I finish or I'll come as soon as I've finished 

• You'll feel better when you have something to eat or You'll feel better when you've had something to eat. 

C.   After if we also use the simple present (I do) for the future: 

• It's raining. We'll get wet if we go out. (not if we will go) 

• Hurry up! If we don't hurry, we'll be late. (not if we won't hurry)

Be careful not to confuse when and if.

Use when for things that are sure to happen: 

• I'm going shopping this afternoon, When I go shopping, I'll buy some food. 

Use if (not when) for things that will possibly happen:

• I might go shopping this afternoon. If I go shopping, I'll buy some food 

• If it rains this evening, I won't go out. (not when it rains)

• Don't worry if I'm late tonight. (not when I'm late) 

• If he doesn't come soon, I'm not going to wait. (not when he doesn't come)

UNIT 8 Exercises

UNIT 8 WILL or GOING TO Exercises.

8.1 Put the verb into the correct form, using will or going to.

Examples: A:  Why are you turning on the TV?
                   B:  I'm going to watch(watch) the news.

A:  Oh, I just realized I don't have any money.
B:  Don't worry that's no problem. I'll lend (lend) you some.

Those clouds are very black, aren't they? I think it is going to rain(rain).


1.   A:  I've got a terrible headache.
      B:  Do you? Wait here and I_____________________________(get) you some aspirin.



2.   A:  Why are you filling that bucket with water?
      B:  I.............................. ........(wash) the car.


3.   A:  I've decided to repaint this room.
      B:  Oh, you have? What color______________________________(you/paint) it?


4.   A:  Look! There's smoke coming out of that house. It's on fire!
     B:  Oh no! I_________________________________(call) the fire department right away.


5.   A:  The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe, does it?
      B:  No, it looks as if it______________________________________(fall) down.


6.   A:  Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
      B:  Yes, I______________________________________(buy) something for dinner.


7.   A:  I can't figure out how to use this camera.
      B:  It's easy. I______________________________________(show) you.


8.   A:  What would you like to have coffee or tea?
      B:  I have_____________________________________(have) coffee, please.


9.   A:  Has George decided what to do when he finishes school?
      B:  Oh yes. Everything is settled. He_______________________________(take) a vacation for a few weeks, then he___________________________(start) a computer programming course.


10.  A:  Did you mail that letter for me?
        B:  Oh, I'm sorry. I completely forgot. I__________________________(do) it now.


11.  A:  What shall we have for dinner?
        B:  I don't know. I can't make up my mind.
        A:  Come on, hurry up! Make a decision!
        B:  Okay. We___________________________(have) chicken.


12.  Jack:  We need some bread for lunch.
        Ben:  Oh, we do? I_____________________(go) to the store and get some. I feel like taking a walk.

Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane:

Ben:  I____________________(get) some bread. Do you want anything from the store?
Jane:  Yes, I need some envelopes.
Ben:  Okay, I_____________________(get) you some.


13.  John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He doesn't have a car.
John:  Toshi, can you take me to the airport tonight?
Toshi:  Of course I_________________________(take) you. I'd be happy to.

Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport.

Eric:  John, do you want me to take you to the airport?
John:  No thanks, Eric. Toshi_____________________(take) me.

UNIT 8

UNIT 8 WILL or GOING TO?

Talking about future actions. 

A.  We use both will and going to to talk about our future actions, but there is a clear difference. 

Study this example situation: 

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Helen's bicycle has a flat tire. She tells her father                                          will: We use will when we 
Helen: My bicycle has a flat tire.                                                                          decide to do something at Can you fix it for me?                                                                 the time of speaking. The speaker has not 
Father: Okay, but I can't do it now.                                                  decided before. Before Helen told her I'll fix it tomorrow.                                                                      father, he didn't know about the flat tire. 
 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Later, Helen's mother speaks to her husband.                                  going to: We use going to when we Mother: Can you fix Helen's bicycle?                                            have already decided to do something. It has a flat tire.                                                                                                      Helen's father had already Father: Yes, I know. She told me.                                                                           decided to fix the bicycle I'm going to fix it tomorrow.                                                                         before his wife spoke to him.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Here is another example:

• Tom is cooking when he suddenly discovers that there isn't any salt:

Tom: Ann, we don't have any salt.  
Ann: Oh, we don't? I'll get some from the store. (she decides at the time of speaking) 

Before going out, Ann says to Jim:

Ann: I'm going to get some salt from the store. (She has already decided) 
Can I you anything, Jim? 


B.  Saying what will happen (predicting future happenings)
We use both will and going to to say what we think will happen in the future:
 
#  Do you think Laura will get the job? 
#  Oh no! It's already 4:00. We're going to be late
We use going to (not will) when there is something in the present situation that shows what will will happen in the future (especially the near future). The speaker feels sure about happen because of the situation now: 

#  Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain. (the clouds are there now)  
#  I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick. (I feel terrible now) 
Do not use will in situations like these. 
 
In other situations, use will: 

#  Sue will probably arrive at about 8 o'clock. 

#  I think George will like the present you bought for him.

UNIT 7 Exercises

UNIT 7 Will part 2 Exercises 


7.1  Decide which form of the verb is correct (or more natural) these sentences. Cross out the one that is wrong.

Example:  Tom Isn't free on Saturday. He will work/is working. 


1.  I will go/am going to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? 

2.  According to the weather forecast, it will/is raining tomorrow.

3.   I'm sure Tom will get/is getting the job. He has a lot of experience.

4.   I can't meet you this evening. A friend of mine will come/is coming to see me.

5.   A: Have you decided where to go for your vacation yet? 
      B: Yes, We will go/are going to Italy.

6.   Don't worry about the dog. It won' hurt/isn't hurting you.


7.2  Write questions using do you think. . . will. . . . Use a verb below for each time. 

arrive          come          cost          finish          get            married          rain              pass

1.   Bill is taking his final exam soon.    Do you think    he   will pass   ?

2.   I've invited her to the party. Do you________________she________________?

3.   Jack and Ann are coming over tonight? What time do____________________they________________?

4.   The weather doesn't look very good. Do_______________________________________________?

5-  My car needs to be repaired. How much_____________________________?

6.  They are in love.  Do______________________________________________________?

7.  The meeting is still going on. When_______________________________________________?


7.3  Answer these question using the words in parentheses( . . . ) . 

Example: Who do you think will win the prize? (bet/Sue) I bet Sue will win.


1.  What do you think she''ll say? (probably / nothing) She____________________________________

2.  Where do you think she'll go? (bet / South America) I _____________________________________

3.  When do you think she'll leave? (think / tomorrow) I______________________________________

4.  How do you think she'll go there? (suppose / by plane) I___________________________________

5.  When do you think she'll be back? (think / quite soon) I___________________________________

6.  Do you think you'll miss her? ('m sure / very much) Yes,___________________________________


7.4  Read each situation and then write a question with shall I? or shall we? In each stuuation you are talking to a friend.

Example: It's very hot in the room The window is shut.  Shall I open the window? 

l.   Your friend wants you to call him/her later. You don't know what time to call. Ask your friend. You say:  What________________________________________________________________________________

2.  You and your friend haven't decided what to have for dinner.
You say:________________________________________________________________________________________

3.  You and your friend are going out. You haven't decided whether to go by car or to walk.  You say______________________________________________________________________________________________or ___________________________________________________________________________________________

UNIT 7

UNIT 7 Will part 2
 
A.   When we talk about the future, we often say what someone has arranged to do or intends what to do. Do not use will in this situation.

•  Tom is Playing tennis on Monday (not Tom will play) 

•  Are you going to watch television this evening? (not will you watch)

But often when we are talking about the future, we are not ralking about arrangements or intentions. 

Study this example:

Tom:   I'm really worried about my exam next week.
Ann:   Don't worry, Tom. You'll pass.

''You'll pass" is not an arrangement or an intention. Ann is just saying what will  happen or what she thinks will happe; she is predicting the future. When we predict a future happening or a future situation, we use will/won't.

• When you return home, you'll notice a lot of changes.

• This time next year I'll be in Japan. Where will you be? 

• When will you find out your exam results?

• Tom won't pass his exam. He hasn't done any work for it.

We often use will with these words and expressions:


probably          I'll probably be a little late this evening 

(I'm) sure         You must meet Ann. I'm sure you'll like her.

(I) bet                I bet Carol will get the job.

(I) think            Do you think we'll win the match?

(I) suppose        I suppose we'll see John at the party.

(I) guess            I guess I'll see you next week.

B.   Will and shall 

You can say I will or I shall (I'll)
                  we will or we shall (we'll) 

• I will (or I shall) probably go to Europe this summer.

• We will (or we shall) probably go to Europe this summer.

Will is more common than shall. In speech we normally use the short forms I'll and we'll:

• I'll probably go to Europe

Do not use shall with he/she/it/they/you.

• John will help you (not shall help you) 

We use shall (not will) in the questions Shall I. . . ? and Shall we. . . ? (for offers, suggestions, etc.) 

• Shall I open the window? (=Do you want me to open the window?) 

• Where shall we go this evening?

UNIT 6 Exercises

UNIT 6 Will Exercises 


6.1.   Complete the sentences with I'll + an appropriate verb. 

Example: I'm too tired to walk home. I think       I'll take      a taxi. 

1. I'm a little hungry. I think__________________something to eat. 

2. It's too late to call Tom now. __________________ him in the morning. 

3. "It's a bit cold in this room'' ''Is it?__________________ on the heat then. 

4. ''We don't have any milk.''. ''Oh, we don't?_________________and get some.'' 

5. ''Did you write that letter to Jack?''    ''Oh, I forgot Thanks for reminding me. ________________ it tonight.''

6. ''Would you like tea or coffee?''   ''__________________coffee, please.''


6.2.   Use I think I'll . . . or I don't think I'll . . . Read the situation and then write your sentence. 

Examples: It's cold. You decide to close the window.  I think I'll close the window. 
                   It's raining. You decide not to go out I don't think I'll go out. 

1. You feel tired. You decide to go to bed. I_______________________ 

2. A friend of yours offers you a ride home, but you decide to walk Thank you, but_____________________ 

3. You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don't want to play. _______________________ 

4. You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don't want to go. __________________________ 


6.3.   Offer to do things. Tom has a lot of things to do and you offer to do them for him. 

Example: Tom: Oh, I have to clean up. You: No,    that's all right . I'll clean up.

1. Tom: Oh, I have to get dinner ready. You: No, that's all right, I___________________________________ 

2. Tom: Oh, I have to do the shopping You: No,___________________________________________

3. Tom: Oh, I have to water the plants. You:_______________________________________________


6.4.   Agree and promise to do things. 

Example: 
A: Can you clean the windows?            B: Sure,    I'll clean them    this afternoon 
A: Do you promise                                   B: yes, I promise I'll clean them this afternoon. 

1.  A: Can you call me later?                   B: Sure,____________________________________ tonight. 
     A: Do you promise?                             B: Yes, ______________________________________________

2.  A: Can you fix the clock                      B: Okay,________________________________ tomorrow. 
     A: Do_________________________?                B:____________________________________________________

3.  A: Please don't tell anyone.                 B: All right, I won't tell anyone 
     A:_____________________________?                B:____________________________________________________

4. A: Please don't hurt me                        B: Don't worry,_____________________________________
    A:______________________________?                B:____________________________________________________

UNIT 6

UNIT  6 Will  part 1
 

A.  We use will ('ll) when we decide to do something at the time of speaking: 

• Oh, I left the door open. I'll go and shut it.

• What would you like to drink?   "I'll have some coffee, please.''

• Did you call Ann?   ''Oh no. I forgot. I'll do it now.''

• I'm too tired to walk  home. I think I'll take a taxi.

You cannot use the simple present (I do) in these sentences.

• I'll go and shut it. (not i go shut it) 

Do not use will to say what someone has already decided to do or arranged to do: 

• I can't meet you tomorrow because my parents are coming to see me. (not my parents will come) 

The negative of will is won't (or will not) 

• Receptionist:  I'm afraid Mr. Wood can't see you until 4:00.

           You:  Oh, in that case I won't wait.

We often use I think I'll or I don't think I'll. . .when we decide to do something.

• I think I'll stay home this evening.
• I don't think I'll go out tonight I'm too tired. 

B.  We often use will in these situations: 

offering to do something:

• That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it. (not I help) 
• ''I need some money.''  Don't worry, I'll lend you some." 

Agreeing or refusing to do something: 

• A: You know that book I lent you? Can I have it back? 
• B: Of course, I'll bring it back this afternoon (not I bring) 
• I've asked John to help me, but he won't. 
• The car won't start. (=the car ''refuses" to start) 

Promising to do something: 

• Thank you for lending me the money. I'll pay you back on Friday (not I pay) 
• I won't tell Tom what you said. I promise.
• I promise I'll call you as soon as I arrive. 

Asking someone to do something (Will you...?): 

• Will you shut the door, please? 
• Will you please be quiet? I'm trying to concentrate.

UNIT 5 Exercises

UNIT 5  Going to exercises 


5.1  Say when you are going do something.

Example. Have you cleaned the car (tomorrow)  Not yet.  I'm going to clean it tomorrow. 

1. Have you called Tom? (after lunch)                   Not yet. I________________________

2. Have you had dinner? (in a little while)            Not yet._________________________

3. Have you painted your apartment? (soon)        Not ____________________________

4. Have you fixed my bicycle? (this afternoon)  _______________________________


5.2  Write questions with going to.

Example: I've won a lot of money. (what/with it?)   What are you going to do with it?

l.  I'm going to a party tonight (what/wear?)            _________________________

2. Tom has just bought a painting. (where/hang it?) _________________________

3. I've decided to have a party. (who/invite?)           _________________________


5.3  Use was/were going to. 

Example: Did you travel by train?  No, I was going travel by train, but changed my mind.

1. Did you buy that Jacket you saw in the store window? 

No, I____________________________________, but Ichanged my mind.

2. Did Sue get married?

No, she____________________________________, but she___________________

3. Did Tom quit his job? 

No,_____________________________________, but____________________
 
4. Did Wayne and Sharon go to Greece for their vacation? 

No,____________________________________________________________

5. Did you play tennis yesterday? 

No,____________________________________________________________

6. Did you invite Ann to the party? 

No,____________________________________________________________ 


5.4  Say what you think is going to happen in these situations.

Example: The sky is full of black clouds. (rain)   It's going to rain.

1. Terry is taking his exams tomorrow. He hasn't done any work for them, and he is not very intelligent. (fail)  He________________________________________________________

2.  It is 8:30. Tom is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8:45, but the trip takes 30 minutes. (be late)  ___________________________________________________________

3. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It is filling up with water very quickly (sink)
It______________________________________________________________

4. Ann is driving. There is very little gas left in the tank. The nearest gas station is a long way from here. (run out of gas) ___________________________________________________

UNIT 5

UNIT 5 Going to (I am going to do)

A.  We use going to (do) when we say what we have already decided to do, or what we intend to do in the future.


a:  There's a movie on television nigh tonight Are you going to watch it?

b:  No, I'm too tired. I'm going to make it an early night.

a:   I hear Ann has won a lot of money. What is she going to do with it?

a:   I've heard she's going to travel around the world.


B.  We prefer to use the present continuous (I am doing) when we say what someone has arranged to travel arranged to do-for example, arranged to meet to someone, arranged to travel somewhere.  Going to is also possible:


1.   What time are you meeting Ann?  (or are you going to meet)

2.    I'm leaving for Europe on Monda (or I'm going to leave)


C.  We use was/were going to to say what someone intended to do in the past (but didn't do):


We were going to take the train, but then we decided to go by car.

 A: Did Tom take the examen?

 B: No, he was going to take it, but then he changed his mind.


D.  Going to also has another meaning Study this example situation:



 

The man can't see where he is going There is a hole in front of him.

He is going to fall into the hole.

Here the speaker is saying what he thinks will happen. Of course he doesn't mean that the man intends
to fall into the hole.

We use going to in this way when we say what we think will happen. Usually there
is something in the present situation (the man walking toward the hole) that makes
the speaker sure about what will happen.

1.   Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain. (the clouds are there now)

2.   Oh, I feel terrible. Ithink I'm going to be sick. (I feel terrible now)

UNIT 4 exercises

UNIT 4 Present tenses with a future meaning exercises 

 4.1 A friend of yours planning to go on vacation very soon. You ask him about his plans. Use the words in parentheses(. . .) to make your questions.

Example: (where go)? Where are you going?

1. (how long stay?)______________________________.

2 (when/leave?)________________________________.
 
3. (go/alone?)________________________________.

4. (go/by car?)________________________________.
 
5. (where/stay?)________________________________.

4.2   Ann is going on vacation. Write sentences about her vacation plans. Use the words in parentheses to write your sentences.

example: (go/Hawaii) She is going to Hawaii.
 
l.  (leave/next Friday)   She_____________________________ .

2.  (stay/ in Hawaii for two weeks)  ___________________________.

3 . (go/with a friend of hers) _____________________________.

4.  (stay/in a hotel) They______________________________.

5.  (go/by plane)_______________________________.


4.3   Tom wants you to visit him, but you are very busy. Look at your schedule for the next few days and explain to him why you can't come.

Tom:   Can you come on Monday evening? 

You:    Sorry, I'd love to, but i'm playing volleyball. 

Tom:   What about Tuesday evening then? 

You:     I'm afraid I can't. I'm working till 9pm   

Tom:    Well, what are you doing on Wednesday evening?

You:     I'm going to the theather with my mother

Tom:    I see Well, are you free on Thursday evening? 

You:     I'm afraid no. I'm having dinner with Judy
 

4.4    Put the verb into the most appropriate form: present continuous (I am doing) or simple present (I do). 
Example: We are going (go) to the theater this evening
Does the movie begin (the movie/begin) at 3:30 or 4:30? 

1.  We__________________________(have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come? 


2.   I ___________________________(not/go) away for my vacation next month because I don't have 
enough money.    ___________________________(you/go) away? 


3.   The concert this evening________________________  (start) at 8:00.

 
4.   George, is it true that you__________________________(get) married next week? 


5.   The art exhibit___________________(open) on May 3rd and ___________________(close) on July 15th. 


6.   What time____________________________(the next train leave)?


7.   Ann, we____________________(go)to the park. ______________________(you come) with us?

UNIT 4

UNIT 4 Present tenses (I am doing I do) with a future meaning.

A.   Present continuous with a future meaning.

Study this example situation: 




This is Tom's schedule for next week.
He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon. 
He is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning. 
He is having dinner with Ann on Friday. 

In all these examples, Toen has already decided and arranged to do these things.



 When you are talking about what you have already arranged to do, use the present continuous(I am doing). Do not use the simple present (I do) 

A: What are you doing tomorrow evening? (not what do you do) 
B: I'm going to the theater (not I go) 

A:  Are you playing tennis tomorrow? 
B: Yes, but Tom isn't playing. He hurt his leg. 

A: Ann is coming tomorrow 
B: Oh, is she? What time is she arriving? 

A: At 10:15 
B: Are you meeting her at the station? 

A: I can't. I'm working tomorrow morning.


It is also possible to use going to (do) in these sentences:

What are you going to do tomorrow evening? 
Tom is going to play on Monday afternoon. 

But the present continuous is usually more natural when you are talking about arrangements. 

Do not use will to talk about what you have already arranged to do: 

What are you doing this evening? (not what will you do) 
Alex is getting married next month (not Alex will get) 

B.   Simple present with a future meaning 

We use the simple present when we are talking about timetables, schedules, etc. (for example, public transportation, movies):

What time does the movie begin? 
The train leaves Boston at 7:25 a m and arrives in Washington, D.C..at 3:41 p.m. 
The football game starts at 2:00.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.

But we do not usually use the sample present for personal arrangements:
What time are you meeting Ann? (not do you meet)

UNIT 3 Exercises

UNIT 3 Present continuous or simple present exercises.


3.1 Decide whether the verbs in these sentences are right or wrong. Correct the ones that are wrong.


Examples: I don't know your telephone number.                                                    RIGHT
Please don't make so much noise. I study.                                                              WRONG-am studying 


 l. Look! Somebody is climbing that tree over there.                                              ________

2. Can you hear those people? what do they talk about?                                          ________

3. Are you believing in God?                                                                                    ________
 
4. Look! That man tries to open the door of your car.                                           ________

5. The moon goes around the earth.                                                                         ________
 
6. What are you thinking about idea?                                                                      ________

7. The government is worried because the number of people 
without jobs is increasing.                                                                                        ________

8. I'm usually going to work by car                                                                         ________


3.2  Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous (I am doing) or simple present (I do) 

Examples. Please don't make so much noise. I am studying (study)

How many languages does Tom Speak (Tom/speak)? 

Jean doesn't speak (not speak) any foreign languages.



  1.    I_________________(not/belong) to a political party.

  2.    Hurry! The bus______________________(come) I__________________(not want) to miss it.

  3.    The Nile River______________________(flow)into the Mediterranean.

  4.    The river______________________(flow) very fast today -much faster than usual. 

  5.    _____________________(it/ever/snow) in India? 

  6.   We usually___________________(grow) vegetables in our garden. but this year (not/grow) any. 

  7.   A: Can you drive? 
       B: No, but I____________________(learn)

  8.   You can borrow my umbrella. I_____________________(not/need) it right now.

  9.   I____________________(get) hungry. Let's go get something to eat.
 
10.  George is a vegetarian He_____________________(not/eat) meat. 

11. George says he's 80 years old, but I_______________________(not/believe) him.

12. Ron is in San Francisco now, He______________________(stay) at the Hilton Hotel.                     He usually _______________________(stay) at the Hilton Hotel when he's in San Francisco.

In these sentences, think about whether the situation is temporary or permanent. 

 13. My parents______________________(live) in Winnipeg They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Where______________________(your parents/live)?

14. She______________________(stay) with her sister until she finds somewhere else to live.

15.  A: What______________________ (your father do)? 
        B: He's a teacher, but he______________________(not work) right now.