All/all of, no/none of, most/most of, etc.

UNIT 78  All/all of, no/none of, most/most of, etc.

A.   all    no/none    some    any    much/many    little/few    each    half    most
You can use these words (except none and half) with a noun:

• All cars have wheels

• I have no money.

• Some people are very unfriendly

• Did you put any salt in the soup?

• Hurry! We have very little time.

• Study each sentence carefully.

Be careful with most

• Most tourists do not visit this part of the town. (not most of tourists, not the most tourists)

• George is much richer than most people.

B.   You can also use these words (except no) alone, without a noun:

• "I need some money. Do you have any?"  "Yes, but not much.''

• "How many cigarettes do you have?" ''None''

• Most people like Tom, but some don't.

We usually say each one instead of each alone:

• There were three boxes on the table. Each one was a different color

C.   You can also use these words (except no) with of . . . . So you can say some of the people, all of these cars, none of my money, etc.  
When you use these with of, you need the/this/that/these/those/my/your/his, etc. You cannot say "some of people,'' ''all of cars." You must say: "some of the people,'' ''all of these cars," etc.:

• Some of the people at the party were very friendly.

• Most of my friends live in Montreal

• None of this money is mine.

• Each of the rooms in the hotel has its own bathroom.

• I haven't read many of these books.

With all and half we usually leave out of:

all my friends (= all of my friends)

half the money (= half of the money) (not the half)


D.   After all of/none of, etc. , you can also use it/us/you/them:

• "How many of these people do you know?"  ''None of them."

• Do any of you want to come to a party tonight?

• "Do you like this music?''  "Some of it. Not all of it.

You must say "all of" and "half of" before it/us/you/them:

• all of us (not "all us'') 

• half of them (not "half them'')

A friend of mine, my own house Exercises

UNIT 77  A friend of mine, my own house  Exercises

77.1   Write new sentences using the structure in section a (a friend of mine, etc.).

Example: I am writing to one of my friends. I'm writing to a friend of mine.

1.   We met one of your relatives. We met a_______________________________

2.   Henry borrowed one of my books. Henry_______________________________________

3.   Tom invited some of his friends to his apartment. Tom ______________________________________

4.   We had dinner with one of our neighbors. ____________________________________________________

5.   Ann is in love with one of her colleagues.________________________________________________________

6.   They went on vacation with two of their friends. ______________________________________________

7.   I just saw one of your teachers.  ___________________________________________________________

8.   We're spending the weekend with one of our friends. _________________________________________

9.   We met one of Jane's friends. We met_______________________________________________________

77.2   Make sentences from the words in parentheses ( . . . ). Each time use my own/your own, etc.

Example: I don't want to share a room (want/have/room) I want to have my own room.

1.   I don't watch television with the rest of the family. (have/television/in my bedroom) I have __________________________________________________________ in my bedroom.

2.   Jack and Bill are fed up with working for other people. (want/start/business)
They______________________________________________________________________

3.   Henry is extremely rich. (have/private jet) He__________________________________________

4.   The Isle of Man is an island off the coast of Britain. It is not completely independent but it (have/parliament and laws)______________________________________________________

5.   At the moment we're living in an apartment, but we're saving our money. (want/ buy/house) We_______________________________________________________________________________

6.   You can give her advice, but she won't listen. (have lideas) She___________________________________

7.   He's worked for the company for 10 years, but _____________________________________________(not/have/office) He shares one with a colleague.                       


77.3   Now complete these sentences using my own your own, etc.

Examples: Why do you want to borrow my car? Why can't you use your own car?
Ann never goes to the hairdresser. She cuts her own hair

1.   Don't blame me. It's not my fault. It's_____________________________________________________

2.   He's always smoking my cigarettes. Why doesn't he buy________________________________?

3.   Why do you want my pen? Can't you use___________________________________________________?

4.   I don't often buy clothes. I usually make ___________________________________________________

5.   Nobody cooks Don's meals for him. He has to cook_____________________________________________

6.   She doesn't buy ready-made cigarettes. She rolls_________________________________________________

7.   She doesn't need to borrow money from me. She has_____________________________________________

A friend of mine, my own house

UNIT  77 ''A friend of mine'', ''my own house''

A.   A friend of mine/a friend of Tom's
We say "a friend of mine/yours his hers/ours theirs.'' (not a friend of me/you/him, etc.)

• A friend of mine is coming to stay with me next week. (not a friend of me)

• We went on vacation with some friends of ours. (not some friends of us)

• Tom had an argument with a neighbor of his.

• It was a good suggestion of yours to go swimming this afternoon.

We also say "a friend of Tom's,'' ''a friend of my brother's,'' etc.:

• That man over there is a friend of my brother's.

• It was a good idea of Tom's to go swimming.

B.   My own . . . /your own . . . , etc.

You cannot say "an own . . .'' (an own house,'' "an own car," etc.)

You must use my/your/his/her/its/our/their before own:

• my own house.

• your own car.

• her own room.                       

My own . . . = something that is only mine, not shared or borrowed:

• The Browns live in an apartment, but they'd like to have their own house. (not an own house)

• I don't want to share with anyone. I want my own room.

• Unfortunately the apartment doesn't have its own entrance.

• It's my own fault that I don't have any money. I spend it too quickly.

• Why do you want to borrow my car? Why can't you use your own (car)

You can also use . . . own . . . to say that you do something yourself instead of somebody else doing it for you. For example:

• Do you grow your own vegetables? (=do you grow them yourself in your garden instead of buying them?)

• Ann always cuts her own hair. (= she cuts it herself; she doesn't go to the hairdresser)

Reflexive pronouns Exercises

UNIT 76  Reflexive pronouns  Exercises

76.1   Complete these sentences using myself/yourself, etc., with these verbs:

kick         teach        cut          lock         take care of         burn       talk to            blame

Example: Tom cut himself while he was shaving this morning

1.   Be careful! That pan is very hot. Don't ____________________________

2.   They couldn't get back into the house. They had __________________________ out

3.   It isn't her fault. She really shouldn't______________________________________

4.   hat a stupid fool I am! I could________________________________________!

5.   I'm trying to ________________________ Spanish but I'm not making much progress.

6.   He spends most of his time alone, so it's not surprising that he _______________________________

7.   Don't worry about us. We can _____________________________

76.2   Complete these sentences with these verbs. This time, use myself, etc., only where necessary:
dry       concentrate         feel         enjoy         relax          wash          shave        meet

Example: Tom is growing a beard because he doesn't like shaving

1.   I really____________________________________good today - much better than yesterday.

2.   She climbed out of the pool, picked up a towel. and

3.   I tried to study but I just couldn't

4.   Jack and I first_________________________________at a party five years ago.

5.   You're always rushing around. Why don't you _______________________________more?

6.   It was a great vacation. We really _______________________________________very much.

7.   I overslept this morning. I didn't have time to _______________________________or have breakfast.                       


76.3   Write -selves or each other.

Examples: Tom and Ann stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves.
How long have Tom and Ann known each other?

1.   At Christmas friends often give ______________________presents

2.   Did the children enjoy_________________________when they were on vacation?

3.   They had an argument last week. They are still not speaking to_____________________________

4.   Some people are very selfish. They only think of______________________________________

5.   Sue and I don't see____________________________very often these days.

76.4   Answer these questions using myself/yourself, etc., or by myself/yourself, etc.

Examples: "Who repaired the bicycle for you?"   "Nobody. I repaired it myself.''I like living by myself.

1.   "Who cut your hair for you?''   ''Nobody. I cut_____________________________''

2.   "Who did you go to the movies with?''   "No one. I went__________________________''

3.   "Who told you Linda was getting married?"  "Linda___________________________________''

4.   "Does Mr. Thomas have a secretary to his letters?''   ''No, he_____________________________________''

5.   ''Does she like working with other people?''   ''Not really. She prefers to work ___________________''

6.   "Do you want me to mail that letter for  you?''  "No, I'll_________________________________''

7.   "Can you clean the windows for me?"   ''Why don't you__________________________________''

Reflexive pronouns

UNIT 76  Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, etc.), by myself

A.   The reflexive pronouns are:

singular:       myself                    yourself (one person)                himself/herself/itself

plural:       ourselves     yourselves (more than one person)     themselves

We use a reflexive pronoun when the subject and object are the same:

• Tom cut himself while he was shaving. (not Tom cut him)

• The old lady sat in a corner talking to herself.

• Don't get angry. Control yourself! (said to one person)

• If you want more to eat, help yourselves. (said to more than one person)

• The party was great. We enjoyed ourselves very much.

But we do not use "myself," etc., after bring/take something with . . . :

• I went out and took an umbrella with me. (not with myself)

B.   We do not use "myself," etc., after feel/relax/concentrate:

• I feel great after going for a swim. (not I feel myself great)

• Why don't you try and concentrate?

• It's good to relax.

We do not normally use after wash/dress/shave:
I got up, shaved, washed, and dressed. (not shaved myself, etc.)

But we say: Idried myself.

Note how we use meet:

• What time shall we meet? (not meet ourselves/meet us)                        

C.   Study the difference between -selves and each other:

• Tom and Ann stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves. (= Tom and Ann looked at Tom and Ann) but: Tom looked at Ann and Ann looked at Tom. They looked at each other.

You can use one another instead of each other:

• Sue and Ann don't like each other. (or one another)

D.   We also use myself, etc., in another way. For example:

• "Who fixed your bicycle for you?''   "Nobody. I fixed it myself."

I fixed it myself= I fixed it, not anybody else. We use myself here to emphasize I. Here are some more examples:

• I'm not going to do it for you. You can do it yourself.

• Let's paint the house ourselves. It will be much cheaper.

• The movie itself wasn't very good, but I liked the music.

• I don't think Tom will get the job. Tom himself doesn't think he'll get it. (or Tom doesn't think he'll get it himself.)

E.   By myself yourself, etc. = alone. We say:

• I like living by myself

• Did you go on vacation by yourself?

• Jack was sitting by himself in a corner of the cafe

Apostrophe and of Exercises

UNIT 75  Apostrophe and of   Exercises

75.1   Join two nouns. Sometimes you have to use an apostrophe e), with or without s. Sometimes
you have to use . . . of . . . .

Examples: the door/the room the door of the room
the mother/Ann Ann's mother.

1.   the camera/Tom_________________________

2.   the eyes/the cat__________________________

3.   the top/the page_________________________

4.   the daughter/Charles_________________________

5.   the newspaper/today_______________________________

6.   the toys/the children______________________________

7.   the name/your wife_______________________________

8.   the name/this street______________________________

9.   the name/the man I saw you with yesterday_____________________________

10.   the new manager/the company___________________________

11.   the result/the football game_____________________________

12.   the car/Mike's parents____________________________

13.   the birthday/my father___________________________

14.   the new principal/the school_______________________________

15.   the garden/our neighbors________________________________

16.   the ground floor/the building_______________________________

17.   the children/Don and Mary_______________________________

18.   the economic policy/the government___________________________________

19.   the husband/the woman talking to Tom___________________________________

20.   the house my aunt and uncle___________________________________________
                       

75.2  Read each sentence and write a new sentence using 's with the underlined words.

Example: The meeting tomorrow has been canceled. Tomorrow's meeting has been canceled

1.   The storm last week caused a lot of damage
Last week______________________________________________________________

2.   The only movie theater in the town has been closed down.
The t______________________________________________________________________

3.   Exports from Canada to the United States have fallen recently.
C___________________________________________________________________________

4.   There will be a big crowd at the football game this evening.
There will be a big crowd at this________________________________________

5.   Tourism is the main industry in the region.
The r_________________________________________________________________________




75.3   Use the information given to complete the sentences.

Example: If I leave my house at 9:00 and drive to Houston, I arrive at about 12:00. So it's about three hours' drive to Houston from my house.

1.   I'm going on vacation on the 12th. I have to be back at work on the 26th.
So I have_____________________________________________vacation

2.   I went to sleep at 3:00 this morning and woke up an hour later at 4:00.
So I only had_______________________________________sleep.

3.   If I leave my house at 8:50 and walk to work, I get to work at 9:00.
So it's only______________________________________________walk from my house to work.

apostrophe and of

UNIT 75  . . . 's (apostrophe s) and . . . of . . .

A.   We normally use 's when the first noun is a person or an animal.

• the manager's office (not the office of the manager)

• Mr. Evans's daughter.

• the horse's tail.

• a police officer's hat.

Otherwise (with things) we normally use . . . of . . .

• the door of the room (not the room's door)

• the beginning of the story (not the story's beginning)

Sometimes you can use 's when the first noun is a thing. For example, you can say:

• the book's title       or        the title of the book

But it is safer and more usual to use . . . of . . . 


B.   You can usually use 's when the first noun is an organization (= a group of people). So you can say:

• the government's decision          or          the decision of the government

• the company's success                  or          the success of the company

It is also possible to use 's with places. So you can say:

• the city's new theater

• the world's population

• France's system of government

• Italy's largest city                       

C.   After a singular noun we use 's. After a plural noun (which ends in -s) we use only an apostrophe ('):

• Mr. Carter's house

• my sister's room (one sister)

• my sisters' room (more than one sister)

• the Carters' house (Mr. and Mrs. Carter)

If a plural noun not end in -s, we use 's:

• a children's book

Note that you can use 's after more than one noun:

• Jack and Jill's wedding.

• Mr. and Mrs. Carter's house.

But we would not use 's in a sentence like this:

• I met the wife of the man who lent us the money. (''the man who lent us the money" is too long to be followed by 's)

Note that you can use 's without a following noun:

• Tom's apartment is much larger than Ann's (= Ann's apartment)

D.   You can also use 's with time words (tomorrow, etc.)

• Tomorrow's meeting has been canceled.

• Do you still have last Saturday's newspaper?

You can also say: yesterday's . . . today's . . . this evening's . . . next week's . . . Monday's . . . etc.

we also use 's (or only an apostrophe(') with plurals) with periods of time:

• I have a week's vacation.

• I have three weeks' vacation.

• I need eight hours' sleep a night.

• My house is very near here only about five minutes' walk.

Singular or plural Exercises

UNIT 74  Singular or plural  Exercises

74.1   Complete the sentences with words from sections a, b, and c. Sometimes you need a or some.
Examples: She can't see very well, she needs glasses.
This plant is a very rare species.

1.   Soccer players don't wear long pants when they play. They wear _______________________.

2.   The bicycle ________________ of transportation.

3.   The bicycle and the car are ____________________ of transportation.

4.   I want to cut this piece of material. I need ______________________.

5.   Ann is going to write _____________________ of articles for her local newspaper

6.   There are a lot of American television __________________ on television throughout the world

7.   While we were out walking, we saw 25 different _________________ of bird.
 
8.   We need at least four_________________ to play this game.

74.2   Choose the correct form, singular or plural. Sometimes either singular or plural is possible.
Example: Gymnastics is/are my favorite sport. (''is" is correct)

1.   The pants you bought for me doesn't/ don't fit me.

2.   Physics was/were my best subject at school.

3.   Fortunately the news wasn't /weren't as bad as we had expected.

4.   The police wants/want to interview Fred about a robbery.

5.   Three days isn't/aren't long enough for a good vacation

6.   ''Have you seen my sunglasses?''   ''Yes, it's/they're on the table."

7.   Does/Do the police know about the stolen money?

8.   Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn't/aren't sharp enough.

9.   I'm going to take a taxi. Six miles is/are too far for me to walk.                       

74.3   Use the structure a plural noun with a singular verb.

Examples: our vacation lasted three weeks.  It was a three-week.vacation.The girls were 14 years old.  They were 14 year-old girls.
1.   The woman was 27.   She was a_______________________.

2.   The flight lasted three hours.   It was a_________________________.

3.   The strike lasted four days.   It was a ______________________________.

4.   The book has 200 pages.   It is a_________________________________.

5.   The boys were ten years old.  They were_________________________________.

6.   The television series has ten parts.   It is__________________________________.

7.   The bottle holds two liters.   It is_________________________________.

8.   Each of the tickets cost ten dollars.   They were_______________________________.

9.   The building has ten stories (= floors).   It is__________________________________.

10.   This bag of potatoes weighs five pounds.   It is________________________________.

11.   We walked for five miles.   It was_______________________________________.

Singular or plural?

UNIT 74   Singular or plural? 

 

A.   We use some nouns only in the plural. For example:

• glasses

• pajamas

• Scissors

• shorts

• slacks/pants jeans

You can also use a pair of . . . with these words

• I need some new slacks.   or    I need a new pair of slacks

 B.   We do not often use the plural of person ("persons''). Instead we use people:

• He is a nice person 

• They are nice people. (not nice persons)

These nouns end in -s but they are not usually plural:

mathematics      physics       economics        athletics         gymnastics        news

• Gymnastics is my favorite sport

• What time is the news on television?

These words end in -s and can be singular or plural:

means         a means of transportation                many means of transportation
 
series        a television series                               two television series

species       a species of bird                                  200 species of bird                       


D.   We always use a plural verb with the police:

• The police have arrested Tom

• Are the police paid well?

E.   Sometimes we use a plural noun with a singular verb. We do this when we talk about a sum of money, a period of time, a distance, etc.

•  Five thousand dollars (= it) was stolen in the robbery. (not were stolen)

• Three years (= it) is a long time to be without a job. (not are)

F.   We say "a vacation of three weeks" but "a three-week vacation'':

• I have a three-week vacation in July. (not a three-weeks vacation)

Here, three-week is used as an adjective before "vacation." When we use "three-weeks" as

an adjective, it loses the s. So we say:

• two 14-year-old girls

• a ten-dollar bill (not dollars)

• a six-hour journey

• a four-week English course

You can also say "I have three weeks' vacation."

Names of streets, buildings, etc Exercises

UNIT 73  Names of streets, buildings, etc Exercises

73.1   Use the map to answer the questions in the way shown. Write the name of the place and the street it is on. On maps we don't normally use the; in your sentences, use the if necessary.

Example: "Is there a movie theater near here    "Yes, the Palace on Whashington,"

1.   "Is there asupermarketnear here?''  ''Yes________________________________on____________________________''

2.   "Is there a hotelnear here?"  "Yes________________________________on____________________________________''

3.   "Is there a bank near here?''  ''Yes_______________________________on____________________________________''

4.   "Is there arestaurant near here?''  "Yes_______________________________on_______________________________''

5.   "Is there a church near here?"  "Yes________________________________________________________________''

6.   "Is there a museum nearhere?"  "Yes_______________________________________________________________''

7.   "Is there a park near here?''  "Yes__________________________________________________________________''
                     

73.2   Choose the correct form, with or without the.

Example: When we were in Washington, D.C., we visited National Gallery/the National Gallery.

1.   The President lives in White House/the White House.

2.   One of the nicest buildings in Washington is Supreme Court Building/the Supreme Court Building, which is very close to Capitol Building/the Capitol Building.

3.   Frank is a student at Georgetown University/the Georgetown University.

4.   If you want to buy some new clothes, the store Twould recommend is Jack's/the Jacks.

5.   We flew from Washington to O'Hare Airport/the O'Hare Airport in Chicago.

6.   Smithsonian/The Smithsonian is an important museum in Washington.

7.   A favorite restaurant is Luigi's/the luigi's

8.   Have you ever visited Lincoln Memorial/the Lincoln Memorial?

9.   "Which hotel are you stay at?"  ''At Sheraton/the Sheraton.''

10.   Did you see the movie at Quad/the Quad (movie theater)?

11.   In my opinion, the best stores in Toronto are on Yonge Street/the Yonge Street.

12.   Yesterday I opened a checking account at Barclay s Bank/the Barclay's Ban

Names of streets, buildings, etc. with and without the

UNIT 73   Names of streets, buildings, etc. with and without the

A.   We do not normally use the with names of streets, roads, avenues, boulevards, squares, etc.:

• Fifth Avenue.

• Bloor Street.

• Piccadilly Circus.

• Wilshire Boulevard.

• Broadway.

• Red Square.

B.   Many names (for example, of airports or universities) are two or three words:

• Kennedy Airport

• Boston University

The first word is usually the name of a person ("Kennedy") or a place ("Boston"). We do not usually say the with names like these:

• Pearson International Airport

• Buckingham Palace

• Penn Station

• Hyde Park

But we say "the White House,''  ''the Royal Palace" because "white" and "royal" are not
names. This is only a general rule.

C.   We usually say the before the names of these places:
hotels                                   the Hilton Hotel, the Sheraton (Hotel)

restaurants                          the Bombay Restaurant, the Stage Delicatessen

theaters                                the Shubert (Theater), the National Theater

movie theaters                    the R KO Plaza, the Quad

museums/galleries             the Metropolitan Museum, the National Gallery, the Louvre

buildings/monuments       the Empire State Building, the Washington Monument

But banks do not usually take the:

• First Interstate Bank.

• Citibank.

• Lloyds Bank.

D.   Many stores and restaurants are named after the people who started them. These names end in s or 's. We do not use the with these names:

• "Where did you buy that hat?"   "At Macy's." (not the Macy's)

• We're going to have lunch at Mama Leone's (not the Mama Leone's)

Churches are sometimes named after saints (St Saint)

• St. John's Church.

• St. Patrick's Cathedral.

E.   We say the before the names of places, buildings, etc., with of.

• the Tower of London

• the Museum of Modern Art

• the Great Wall of China

• the University of Southern California

Geographical names Exercises

UNIT 72   Geographical names Exercises

72.1   Read these sentences carefully. Some are correct, but some need the (perhaps more than once). Correct the sentences where necessary.

Examples: Everest was first climbed in 1953            RIGHT
Milan is in north of Italy.                WRONG-the north of Italy

1.   Last year we visited Canada and United States.   ____________

2.   Africa is much larger than Europe.       ______________

3.   South of England is warmer than north.      ______________

4.   We went to Spain for our vacation and swam in Mediterranean.  _____________

5.   Tom has visited most countries in western Europe.    ________________

6.   There are many different languages spoken in Far East.     _______________

7.   Next year we are going skiing in Swiss Alps.      ______________

8.   Malta has been a republic since 1974.     ________________

9.   Nile is longest river in Africa.   ______________

10.   United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.    _____________                      


72.2   Here are some geography questions. Choose the right answer. Sometimes you need the, sometimes not. Try and find out the answers if you don't know them.
Example: What is the longest river in the world? (Amazon/Rhine/Nile) the Amazon

1.   Where is Bolivia? (Africa/South America/North America) ___________________________

2.   Where is Ethiopia? (Asia/South America/Africa)  ________________________________

3.   Of which country is Manila the capital? (Indonesia/Philippines/Japan) _____________________________

4.   Of which country is Stockholm the capital? (Norway/Demmark/Sweden) ____________________

5.   Which country lies between Mexico and Canada?  (Venezuela/El Salvador/United States)
__________________________

6.   Which is the largest country in the world? (United States/China/Russia) __________________

7.   Which is the largest continent? (Africa/America/Asia) _______________________

8.   What is the name of the mountain range in the west of North America? (Rocky Mountains/Andes/Alps)  _____________________

9.   What is the name of the ocean between America and Asia? (Atlantic/Pacific/Indian Ocean)
_______________________________

10.   What is the name of the ocean between Africa and Australia? (Atlantic/Pacific/Indian Ocean)
_______________________________

11.   What is the name of the sea between England and France? (Mediterranean Sea/English ehannel/French Sea) ____________________________

12.   What is the name of the sea between Africa and Europe? (Black Sea/Red sea/Mediterranean Sea) ________________________________

13.   What is the name of the sea between Britain and Norway? (Norwegian Sea/English Channel/ North Sea) _______________________________

14.   Which river flows through Vienna, Budapest, and Belgrade? (Rhine /Danube/Volga) ___________

15.   What joins the Atlantic and Pacific oceans? (Suez Canal/Panama Canal) _________________________

Geographical names with and without the

UNIT 72   Geographical names with and without the

A.   Continents: We do not say the with the names of continents:

• Africa. (not the Africa)

• Asia.

• Europe.

• South America.

B.   Countries and states: We do not usually say the with the names of countries and states:

• France. (not the France)

• Japan.

• Germany.

• Nigeria.

• Texas.

But we say the with names that include words like ''republic,'' ''kingdom,'' ''States'':

• the Dominican Republic. 

• the Republic of Ireland.

• the United States. (of America)

• the People's Republicof China.

• the United Kingdom.

• the United Arab Emirates.

We also use the with plural names:

• the Netherlands.

• the Philippines.

C.   Cities: We do not use the with the names of cities/towns/villages:

• Cairo. (not the Cairo)

• New York.

• Madrid.

• Tokyo.

Exception: The Hague. (in the Netherlands)

D.   Islands:  Island groups usually have plural names with the:

• the Bahamas.

• the Canaries/the Canary Islands.

• the British Isles.

• the Virgin Islands.

Individual islands usually have singular names without the:

• Corfu.

• Sicily.

• Bermuda.

• Easter Island.                       

E.   Regions: We say:

• the Middle East.

• the Far East.

• the north of France.

• the south of Spain.

• the west of Canada.

(but: northern France/southern Spain/western Canada - without the)

F.   Mountains: Mountain ranges usually have plural names with the:

• the Rocky Mountains 

• the Rockies

• the Andes

• the Alps

But individual mountains usually have names without the:

• (Mount) Everest.

• (Mount) Fuji. 

• (Mount) Etna.

G.   Lakes: Lakes usually have names without the

• Lake Superior.

• Lake Victoria.

H.   Names of oceans/seas/rivers canals have the

• the Atlantic (Ocean).

• the Indian Ocean.

• the Mediterranean (Sea).

• the Red Sea.

• the (English) Channel.

• the Nile.

• the Amazon.

• the Mississippi.

• the Rhine.

• the Suez Canal.

• the Panama Canal.

Note: On maps the is not usually included in the name.

Place names with of usually have the:

• the Bay of Naples.

• the United States of America.

• the Gulf of Mexico.

• the Sea of Japan.